Studied by 3 peopleArchipelago
String of islands (like UK or Japan)
Edict
A law
Absolutism
A system where the ruler has total or complete power
Divine Right of Kings
The idea that a king’s power comes from God, and they are not accountable to humans
Natural Rights
Idea of Locke. The rights that people have even without a government.
Social Contract
Idea of Rousseau, where the people surrender power to the government in exchange for protection
Separation of Powers
Idea of Montesqieu, where the power to rule was split between three branches to prevent abuse.
Constitutional Monarchy
A system of government in which the monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government
The Old Regime
The political and social hierarchy, consisting of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Estates in France from the Middle Ages to before the French Revolution
Reign of Terror
A period of the French Revolution during which many people were ruthlessly executed by the ruling group
Committee of Public Safety
Political body of the French Revolution that gained control during the Reign of Terror
Napoleonic Code of Laws
A set of laws for civilians in France introduced by Napoleon
Congress of Vienna
The European conference held from 1814-1815 to settle the territory problem left by the Napoleonic Wars
Agricultural Revolution
A period of time in the early 1700s, where the UK’s food production and population increased explosively
Jethro Seed Drill
An invention that planted seeds 5x faster than was possible by hand
Cottage Industry
Clothing made in homes using human powered technology
Factory Model
The mass production of goods in a large, dedicated work building in the 18th century.
Urbanization
The process of making an area urban (a city)
Mercantilism
An economic system based on the idea that a nation’s wealth and power were best served by increasing export and trade
Laissez-faire
Minimal or no interference by the government
Capitalism
An economic system characterized by private ownership in which the free market alone controls the production of goods and services
Sepoy
A local Indian hired to protect property of the Dutch East Indian Company
Sepoy Mutiny
1857 rebellion of Sepoy Indians, harshly put down by the Dutch East Indian Company
British Raj
Direct rule of India by the British government
Opium Wars
Two wars between China and European powers over regulation of trade (1st: 1839-1842) (2nd: 1856-60)
Treaty of Nanjing
1842 Treaty that ended the 1st Opium War, giving England free trade and the island of Hong Kong
Extraterritoriality
Laws and courts of home country apply instead of local laws
Boxer Rebellion
A failed effort in 1900 to expel foreigners from China
Meiji Restoration
A period of rapid modernization in Japan from 1868 to 1889
Berlin Conference
A meeting between European powers to divide up colonization efforts in Africa
Force Publique
The military force in Belgium controlled Congo that enforced King Leopold’s will on the Congolese
Scramble for Africa
A period of rapid colonization in Africa by European powers from 1885-1914
Boers/Afrikaners
Descendants of the first/Dutch settlers in South Africa
Militarism
A system that builds up military forces
WWI Alliances
An agreement between two or more countries to support each other during war
Triple Entente (France, U.K, Russia) vs. Central Powers (Bulgaria, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans)
Total War
Mobilizing the ENTIRE society to fight a war; blurring the role between citizens and soldiers
League of Nations
International organization formed after WWI to prevent future world wars; the US did not join.
Bourgeoisie
Wealthy middle class (very small % of Russia)
Proletariat
Wage earning class (85% of Russia)
Bolsheviks
Lenin’s political party that becomes the Communist party
Soviet
Council; USSR means Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
Totalitarianism
a system in which the government has total control over citizens’ lives.
Communism
A system in which all property is publicly (community) owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Collectivization
Compiles many farms
Command Economy
Government controls the economy - agriculture and industry
Ukrainian Holodomor
Forced Famine in Ukraine
Gulag
Soviet work camps in Siberia
The Great Purge
Refers to the elimination of anyone who Stalin considered a threat
Fascism
Political system with distinct practice that exalts nationality/race above individual and is headed by a dictator
Weimar Republic
Germany’s democratic republic government formed in 1919 after World War I - ends when Hitler is elected in 1933
Hitler Youth
Youth organization to indoctrinate Germany’s children to hold National Socialist Beliefs 1933-1939
Berlin Wall
Blocked East Germans from fleeing Communist East Germany through West Berlin (containment)
N.A.T.O
A military alliance between the USA and the western bloc in Europe
Warsaw Pact
Military alliance between the USSR and its satellite nations
Indian National Congress (INC)
Political party initially formed to reform the British Raj. Later (1920s - 1930s) fought for Indian Independence
All-Indian Campaign
Boycott of British made clothing, and spinning homespun clothing to support Indian independence
Salt March
1930 march to the Indian Ocean led by Gandhi, 240 miles to break Salt Laws
Diaspora
The scattering of Jews out of their ancestral homelands
Popular sovereignty
The authority of a people to govern themselves
Zionism
A movement to re-establish a Jewish nation (Israel) in the ancestral homelands which defines being a Jew as both a religion and a nationality.
British Mandate
An agreement that placed Palestine under British control after the Ottoman Empire falls apart 1919-1940s
UN Partition
The UN ended the “British Mandate'“ 1948, created the state of Israel with areas set aside for Palestinians
Camp David Accords
1978 agreement in which Israel returned lands to Syria, Jordan and Egypt - agreed to have Jordan govern the West Bank and Egypt govern Gaza.
Hamas
A Palestinian Islamic movement located in Gaza - armed resistance and terrorism against Israel
Intifada
Civil uprising in Palestine
Settlements
Homes built on Palestinian land for Jewish people to live in
Oslo Accords
1993 agreement that established the Palestinian Authority - Hamas Opposed - Israel’s Prime Minister Rabin assassinated by his own people
Palestinian Liberation Organization
Nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people.
The Great Leap Forward
A five year plan, 1958-1962 of forced agricultural collectivization and industrialization in China
Communes
Large numbers of people living and working together on collectivized farms
Cultural Revolution
1966-1976 - a decade-long period of chaos caused by Mao Zedong’s use of Chinese youth to reassert control over the Communist party
Red Guard
a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by chairman Mao Zedong
Red Book
A little red book full of quotes by Mao Zedong carried by the Red Guard
The Four “Olds”
The elimination of old ideas, culture, customs, and habits in China
The Four “Modernizations”
The reforms of agriculture, industry, science and technology, and defense in China
The One-Child Policy
1980-2016 law limiting families to having only one child to control population growth
Tiananmen Massacre
June 4, 1989 Chinese student protests for democracy that ends with the forceful and deadly removal of protesters
Pan-Africanism
the attempt to create a sense of brotherhood and collaboration among all people of African descent whether they lived inside or outside of Africa in the mid-1900s.
Apartheid
Former racial segregation favoring the white minority in South Africa
African National Congress (ANC)
An organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa.
Sanctions
Government taking funding/trade away from another country
Divestments
When consumers, governments, universities, businesses withdraw their funds and investments from a country to express their disagreement with their behaviors.
Secularize
Process of making a government non-religious to ensure individuals may choose freely
Oligarchy
a small group of "elite" citizens that rules a country
Maoism
continuous revolution is necessary if the leaders of a communist state are to keep in touch with the people.
Aristocracy
a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility
Confederation
a group of people, countries, organizations, etc. that are joined together in some activity or effort
Note
Flashcard