Functional movement analysis 2

Stance phase ( loading response ) Hip

Heel strike: E Ground reaction force → flexion moment HS + Glutes: Ecc→ Conc

Stance phase ( loading response ) knee

Heel strike: F 

Co-contraction of Quads ( ecc ) + HS + ground reaction forces  → knee F

Loading response: Knee extensors ( Ecc )

Stance phase ( loading response + mid stance ) pelvis

Lateral horizontal pelvic shift towards stance leg 

Heel strike 

Hip abd: Iso → Ecc 

Mid stance: Hip abd: ecc

Stance phase ( loading response ) ankle

Heel strike: slight DF ( 0-2’) 

Ankle DF-ers: Iso 

Loading response: 

Tib ant + post: Ecc → slow down pronation

Mid stance hips

Hip E ( conc )

Mid stance ( knee )

E 

Quads: E ecc until CoG passes over 

Hamstrings: monitoring → prevent knee hyper E 

→ tight gastrocs interfere

Mid stance ( ankle )

DF 

PF-ers: Ecc → control forward translation of tibia

Terminal stance ( hip )

Hip F to resist hip E 

Hip E to translate trunk forwards

Terminal stance ( knee )

E

Terminal stance ( ankle )

DF → PF 

PF-ers: Ecc → control forward translation of tibia + passively raise heel

Terminal stance + preswing pelvis

Lateral horizontal pelvic shift away from stance leg

Preswing ( hip )

Hip F  w/ momentum ( add longus + rec fem ) 

Conc hip F prepping for swing

Preswing ( knee )

E→ F  Passive F → rec fem restrains

Preswing ( ankle )

PF ( 15-20’ ) 

Ankle PF: facilitates knee F + conc PF for toe off 

Concentric: if fast 

Tib ant: control the position of foot

Early swing ( hip)

F 

Hip flexors: Conc 

Add longus bring leg to midline

Early swing ( knee )

20-30’F

Early + mid + terminal swing ( ankle )

DF

Early + Mid: conc DF 

Terminal: iso DF

Early + mid + terminal swing ( pelvis )

Lateral pelvic tilt downwards + forwards rotation

Mid swing ( hip )

F

Hip F: conc

Mid swing ( knee )

F

HS; Ecc → slow down knee E

Terminal swing ( hip )

F

Glute + HS: Ecc → control hip F

Terminal swing ( knee )

F → E

HS: Ecc → slow down knee E + swing of leg 

Quad: conc → prep for heel strike

Common adaptive movements/ behaviour ( trunk )

Stance phase: 

1. Forward trunk inclination 

2. Lateral trunk F towards stance leg ( counter balance the weight of swing leg → weak LL )

Swing phase: 

1. Backwards inclination at the end

Common adaptive movements/ behaviour

Hip circumduction of swing leg ( pelvis hitched + abducted leg )

Common adaptive movements/ behaviour ( knees )

Hyper-E in mid-stance

Common adaptive movements/ behaviour feet

Dragging/ X clearing in swing phase

Important components of standing

Head balanced + level on shoulders w/ trunk in extension  Weight evenly distributed  Feet flat on the floor + slightly apart  Toes forward  Hips in front of ankles

Common adaptive behaviour for standing

1. Decreased loading affected side 

2. Wide BoS 

3. Feet not parallel 

4. Hands on bed/ chair to stabilise

Components of balance when alignment of standing changes while reaching

Alignment changes( to the side/ forwards ) : 

1. Shifting of 

• Head 

• Arm 

• Trunk 

→ Moving at the ankle ( dorsiflexors first turn on to counterbalance the weight of arm lifted up )

Weight shift( reaching to the side) : 

1. Loading of ipsilateral foot/ leg 

Weight shift when looking upwards: 

1. WS forward in ankles 

Weight shift when looking 

1. WS backwards in ankles 

Weight shift when looking behind: 

1. Shifting of weight to contralateral/ ipsilateral leg at ankles 

Use of upper limb/ head movements to trigger adaptability of lower limb muscles

Common adaptive behaviour for reaching in standing

1. Shift to unaffected side 

2. Restriction of movement to reduce need to load ipsilateral leg e.g. trunk LF  to reach instead of loading 

3. Flexion at hip instead of DF at ankle 

4. Take step prematurely