Neural Pruning

Neuroplasticity definition

the brain's ability to change itself in response to environmental demands and internal changes.

What is neural pruning?

the process of eliminating synapses that are no longer used or needed.

When does neural pruning typically occur?

after an early period of overproduction of synapses during development, followed by selective elimination based on usage.

What happens to synapses that are frequently used?

They are strengthened.

What happens to synapses that are not frequently activated?

hey are pruned away or eliminated.

How can scientists observe neural pruning in the brain?

Through MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), which provides structural images of changes in brain matter.

What structural change would suggest neural pruning?

A reduction in brain volume or grey matter in a specific area after stopping the practice of a skill.

What was the aim of Draganski’s study?

To investigate whether learning—and then stopping—a motor skill like juggling would affect brain structure.

Who were the participants in Draganski’s study?

4 non-jugglers (21 females and 3 males).

What was the first step in the procedure?

All participants had an initial MRI scan to establish a baseline.

What did participants in the juggling group have to learn?

A three-ball cascade juggling routine.

What happened after the jugglers learned the routine?

All participants had a second MRI scan to compare changes in brain structure.

What did the participants do after the second MRI?

Jugglers were told to stop practicing, and three months later, a third MRI scan was taken.

What were the results of the second MRI for the juggling group?

An increase in grey matter in the mid-temporal area, related to visual memory.

What were the results of the third MRI for the juggling group?

A decrease in grey matter in the same brain area, showing structural reduction after stopping practice.

What happened in the control group throughout the study?

No changes in grey matter were observed.

How does Draganski’s study support the theory of neural pruning?

It shows that when participants stopped practicing juggling, the grey matter in the relevant brain area decreased, indicating synaptic elimination.

What does this study reveal about the brain's adaptability?

The brain can increase or decrease neural connections based on practice, supporting the concept of neuroplasticity and pruning.

Why is MRI important in studying neural pruning?

MRI provides non-invasive structural images that reveal changes in brain volume, such as the loss of grey matter after skill discontinuation.