chapters 3 and 5 including the abbreviations

Dementia

the loss of mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating.

A common cause of dementia is_______

Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease causes

tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in the brain, eventually causing dementia.

When communicating with a resident with AD, the nursing assistant (NA) should

speak slowly, using a lower tone of voice than normal

If a resident is frightened or anxious , which of the following should the NA do?

Check the body language so he does not appear tense or hurried

If a resident perseverates, this means he is

repeating words, phrases, questions, or actions

If a resident does not remember how to perform basic tasks, the NA should

Encourage the resident to do what he can

Use nonslip mats, tub seats, and hand-holds

to ensure safety during bathing

Break tasks down into simple steps,

explaining one step at a time.

Mark the bathroom with a sign or picture

as a reminder of when to use it and where it is.

Good or Bad: Break tasks down into simple steps, explaining one step at a time

Good

Good or Bad: If the resident is incontinent, do not give him fluids because ti makes the problem worse.

Bad

Good or Bad:Choose clothes that are simple to put on.

Good

Good or Bad: Check the skin regularly for sign of irritation

Good

Follow Standard Precautions when caring for the resident

Good

Good or Bad:Do not encourage exercise, as this will make the resident more agitated

Bad

Good or Bad: Serve finger foods if the resident tends to wander during meals

Good

Good or Bad: Schedule meals at the same time every day

Good

Good or Bad: Serve new kinds of foods as often as possible to stimulate the resident

Bad

Good or Bad:Put only one kind of food on the plate at a time.

Good

Good or Bad:Use plain white dishes for serving food to residents with Alzheimer's disease

Good

Good or Bad:Do not encourage independence, as this can lead to aggressive behavior

Bad

Good or Bad: Reward behavior with smiles and warm touches.

Good

Agitation

A resident who is excited, restless, or troubled is said to be agitated.

Sundowning

when a person gets restless and agitated in the late afternoon, evening, or night

Catastrophic Reactions

when a person with AD overreacts to something

Violent Behavior

A resident who attacks, hits, or threatens someone is violent

Pacing & Wandering

a resident who walks back and forth in the same area / a resident who walks aimlessly around the facility

Hallucinations or Delusions

A resident who sees, hears, smells, tastes, or feels things that are not there/ A resident who believes things that are not true

Depression

When residents become withdrawn, lack energy, or do not eat or do things they used to enjoy, they may be depressed.

Perseveration/ Repetitive Phrasing

A resident who repeats a word, phrase, question, or activity over and over is perseverating

Disruptiveness

Anything that disturbs others, such as yelling, banging on furniture, slamming doors, etc.

Inappropriate Social Behavior

cursing, name calling, or other behavior

Inappropriate Sexual Behavior

removing clothes, touching one's own genitals, or trying to touch others can embarrass those who see it

Pillaging

taking things that belong to someone else

Hoarding

collecting and putting things away in a guarded way.

Sleep Disturbances

Residents with AD may experience a number of sleep disturbances

Reality Orientation

using calendars, clocks, signs and lists to help residents remember who and where they are

Validating

giving value to or approving

Reminiscence therapy

encouraging residents to remember and talk about the past

Activity therapy

uses activities that the resident enjoys to prevent boredom and frustration

What are six basic human needs?

Food, water, sleep, comfort, activity, and protection/shelter

What are six psychosocial needs that humans have?

Love/affection, acceptance by others, safety/security, self-reliance/independence/daily living, contact with others,and success/self-esteem

the ability to engage ins exual activites continues unless

disease or injury occurs

Residents have the legal right to choose how to

express their sexuality

Nursing assistants must respect residents'

sexual orientation

The nursing assistant should always knock and wait for a response before

entering residents' rooms

If a nursing assistant encounters a resident being sexually abused,

he should take the resident to a safe place and then notify the nurse

A loss of independence is

very difficult for a person to deal with

A nursing assistant should allow a resident to do a task

independently even if it is easier for the Na to do it.

Activities of daily living (ADLs)

are personal care tasks a person does every day to care for himself

NAs should encourage

self-care regardless of how long it takes or how poorly residents are able to do it.

A loss of independence can cause

increased dependence

Colon

One type of cancer that regular physical activity lessens the risk of

Urinary tract

type of infection that inactivity can result in

Stress

the ability to cope with this is one benefit of regular activity

Grooming

Nursing assistants can help residents with this as needed and requested before scheduled activities begin

OBRA

Abbreviation for federal law that requires that facilities provide an activities program that meets the interests of residents

Appetite

In addition to promoting better eating habits, regular activity increases this

How is the family of today defined?

By support of one another

A child takes three years from birth to be able to

move around, communicate basic needs, and feed himself

Tantrums are common among

toddlers

Children learn language skills between the ages of 3 to 6.

From the ages of 6 to 10, children learn to get along with each other

Three abilities that may be affected by developmental disabilities

Learning, communicating, moving

Four guidelines for caring for a resident who has an intellectual disability

be patient, encourage social interaction, promote independence, help with ADLs dividing into smaller tasks,

Uneasiness or fear, often about a situation or condition, is called

Anxiety

An intense form of anxiety or fear is called a(n)

Phobia

Which of the following means a lack of interest in activities?

Apathy

A false sensory perception, such as a person seeing her mother who has been dead for many years in front of her, is a(n)

hallucination

A persistent false belief, such as a person believing that a resident in the next room can read his thoughts, is a(n)

Delusion

Which of the following types of mental illness is characterized by changing moods, high energy, and big speeches?

Bipolar disorder

A method of treating mental illness that involves talking about one's problems with mental health professionals called

Psychotherapy

Denial

people in the denial stage may refuse to believe they are dying.

Anger

Once they start to face the possibility of their death, people may become angry that they are dying.

Bargaining

Once people have begun to believe that they are drying, they may make promises to God, car providers, or others.

Depression

As dying people get weaker and symptoms get worse, they may become deeply sad or depressed.

Acceptance

Many people who are dying are eventually able to accept death and prepare for it.

Advance directives

legal documents that allow people to choose what medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves.

Living will

outlines the medical care a person wants, or does not want, in case he or she becomes unable to make those decisions.

Durable power of attorney for health care

A signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that appoints someone else to make medical decisions for a person in the event he or she becomes unable to do so.

Nursing assistants should_____

bathe perspiring residents often; skin should be clean and dry

Residents may not be able to communicate that they are in____________

pain NAs should observe for signs and report them.

Changes of position, back massage, skin care, mouth care, and___________

proper body alignment may help relieve pain

_____________may be one of the most important things a nursing assistant can do for a resident who is dying. He should pay attention to these conversations.

Listening

_________ can be very important. Holding a dying resident's hand can be very comforting.

Touch

Do not ______ the dying person or his family.

avoid

_______ is usually the last sense to leave the body

Hearing

Give _______for visits from clergy, family, and friends.

privacy

NAs should not discuss their personal_____________

religious or spiritual beliefs with residents or their families or make recommendations.

What are four legal rights to remembers when working with residents who are dying?

The right to refuse treatment, the right to not be deceived, the right to be free from pain, and the right to not die alone

After death, the muscles int he body become

stiff and rigid

Caring for a body after death is called

postmortem care

After death, the nursing assistant should place drainage pads under the body. These pads are most often needed

under the perineum

If a family members would like to remain with their loved one's body after death, the NA should

let them do so

Hospice is the term for compassionate care given to

residents who are dying

Hospice care encourages residents to

participate in their own care as much as possible

Hospice goals focus on

comfort and dignity of the dying person

Focusing on pain relief, comfort, and dignity is called__________ care.

palliative

c/o

complains of

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation