Types of Joints + Joint movement

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between two bones.

Extension

Increasing angle between two bones.

Abduction

moving the bone away from the body.

Adduction

moving towards the midline of the body.

Rotation

Movement of a bone around a central axis.

Pronation

Movement of the hand so the palm faces downwards.

Supination

Movement of the hand so palm faces upwards.

Dorsiflexion

Movement of the ankle that causes the toes to be raised towards the tibia.

Plantar flexion

movement of the ankle that causes the toes to be pointed downwards.

Circumduction

combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

ball and socket joint example

hip and shoulder

Pivot joint example

The joint of the skull and the vertebral column

saddle joint example

Base of thumb

Hinge joint example

Elbow, knee

Condyloid joint example

wrist joint

Lateral (External) Rotation

Rotation away from the midline of the body

Medial (Internal) Rotation

Rotation towards the midline of the body

Inversion

Eversion

Movements of a hinge joint

flexion and extension

Movements of a condyloid joint

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

Movements of saddle joint

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

Movements of ball and socket joints

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction

Agonist

The prime mover - contracting (shortening) muscle which pulls the bones

Antagonist

The relaxing (lengthening) muscle which controls the movement