all trees 1-11

Elaeagnaceae 

Elaeagnus umbellata 

autumn elaeagnus 

leaf→ lanceolate shape with entire margins, green and scaly above, silvery with many silver scales below 

bark→ thin, grey, smooth, split, and furrowed when old 

flower & Fruit → bell-shaped, yellow to white, very fragrant, flowers in spring → long, berry-like achene, abundant and in clusters, ripens late summer, sweet, and juicy edible 

Juglandaceae

Carya cordiformis

bitternut hickory

leaf→ 7-11 leaflets, lanceolate adn serrated, rachis is slender and pubescent, dark green above, paler below → bud long yellow fuzzy to brown at the tip 

bark→ thin and grayinitally smooth and slivery gray, much later gray with shallow furrows and narrow interlacing ridges 

flower & Fruit → male flower- long yellow-green catkins that hang in clusters, female flowers are short , 4-angled , on a terminal spike - fruit globose but slightly flattened on ends, partially dehiscent form the middle to the sharp pointed tip, husk is thin and 4-winged above the middle , often dusty- yellow looking maturing in fall → bitter taste 

Anacardiaceae

Toxicodendron radicans 

Poison-ivy 

leaf→ 3 leaves , entire or sorta serrated margins, top of leaf is shiny, bottom is pale

bark→ dark grey/black with thick mats of brown-black roots 

flower/fruit→ small yellow green flower in clusters , fruit berries in closters → green -white 

all toxic 

paris of 3 let it be 

Juglandaceae 

Juglans nigra 

black walnut 

leaf→ long even pinnate compound leaves, 10-24” long ovate lanceolate serrated leaflets, yellow-green above and hairy below 

bark→ dark brown or greyish black, ridged and furrowed with a rough diamond pattern 

flower/fruit→ flower, yellow-green catkins, female- short spikes near twig - fruit→ nut with thick yellow-green husk, corrugated spherical shell contains nut, edible  

Vitaceae

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Virginia Creeper

leaf→ palmately compound with 5 sharply serrated elliptical to obovate leaflets, shiny green on top, pale on bottom, wedge-shaped base

bark→ gray-brown, becoming coarsely hairy due to bright orange-brown aerial roots and tendrils

flower/fruit→ small inconspucuous green flower, in clusters on stem - fruit→ blue black berry in long stemmed clusters.

Smilacaceae 

Smilax spp. 

greenbrier 

leaf→ usally evergreen, alternate, simple, varible shapes, oblong to narrowly cordate, entire margins, parallel, simple , can have pale white spots or white stripes 

bark→ greenish-brown, becoming discolored with age 

flower/fruit→ flower small and green-yellow in lcuster fruit- blus black berries bot edible 

Rosaceae

Amelanchier arborea

downy serviceberry

leaf→ oval to ovate shape with slightly cordate base, finely serrated margin, may be hairy below when young

bark→ light grey with darker striped, older bark is rought wiht long vertical splits, twists aorund the stem , looks like stretch marks

flower→ showy, white five petalled flower narrow white petals, in clusters

fruit→ pruple round pome, in clusters, ripen may to june in athens, fruits are edible and delicious

Oleaceae

Ligustrum sinense

Chinese privet 

leaf→ deciduous, long, elliptical to ovate, entire waavy margins 

flower→ large cluster of frangrant small white flowers and small blue drupes 

stem→ tan/grey smooth with many lenticels 

hedges in the stadium

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera maackii

Amur honeysuckle

leaf→ long, ovate shape with pointed tip, entire margin, hairy below 

flower→white or yellow tubular flowers, small red berries in clusters at leaf nodes 

bark and stem→ tan to gray bark, develops long, deep fissures, hollow pith inside 

shruby form

Araliaceae

Hedera helix

english ivy 

leaf→ evergreen, alternate, heart shaped to palmate, shiny dark green with pale veins, heart or T shaped leaf

bark→ light brown, slightly rough and scaly bark, numerous aerial rootlets at nodes → long runners

invasive

Oleaceae

Ligustrum lucidum

glossy privet

leaf→ evergreen, lanceolate to ovate shape with tapered point, glossy

flower→ small creamy white flowers clusters, unpleasant odor, blue drupes in clusters

bark→ tan/grey, smooth with many lenticels

Elaeagnaceae

Elaeagnus pungens

Thorny elaeagnus

leaf→ evergreen, elliptical, wavy entire margins, dark green on top, underside sliver with copper scales→ leaf glitter

flower→ bell shaped flowers, yellow-white with copper scales, fragrant, fruit→ echene, reddish pink

stem→ sopper dots on stems, may have single thorn at node→ thorns that shoot out from the hedge

Fabaceae 

Wisteria sinensis 

Chinese wisteria 

leaf→ovate leaf with entire wavy margins, glabrous 

flower→ very showy, purple pea-like, hanging clusters in spring, fruit is long pea like thickened hairy pods 

bark→ smooth, gray-brown, vine can be quite large in diameter 

Viscaceae

phoradendron leucarpum

American mistletoe

leaf→ oblong shape, thick and leathery, bright green

fruit→ white berry with sticky juice that sticks to branches

stem→ waxy, bright green stems

Meliaceae 

Melia azedarach 

chinaberry 

leaf→ sharply serrated and [ointed, shiny dark green, hairless 

flower→ purples, showy, fragrant clusters of flowers in spring, fruit→ yellow drupes in clusters 

bark→ large tan, fuzzy buds, bark is green to grey-brown, when young and mature bark has long shallow orange fissures

Rosaceae

Pyrus calleryana

Rosaceae

Caller or Bradford pear

leaf→ ovate or heart shaped, pointed tipp, finely serrated, wavy margin, glabrous

flower→ clsuters of white showy flowers, strong odor, fruit is tan to brown pome

bark→ short shoots on twigs and large flower buds, bark smooth grey when young, dark with flat-topped ridges when older

Ericaceae 

Vaccinium elliottii 

Elliott’s blueberry 

leaf→ small elliptical, entire or with small serrations , shiny bright green 

flower/fruit→ tiny white/pink bell shaped flowers , small dark blue/black berries 

bark→ green zig zag twigs→ red brown bark 

Ericaceae

Vaccinium arboreum

Sparkleberry

leaf→ spoon shaped leaf, finley serrated , shiny

flower and fruit→ white bell flower in small clusters

bark→ red and brown shreddy bark

Juglandaceae

Carya glabra / ovalis

pignut hickory

leaf→ serrated leaflets, entire leaf glabrous

fruit→ looks like a pig nose

bark→ less fishnet like→ darker

Juglandaceae

Carya tomentosa

mockernut hickory

leaf→ long pinnately compound leaf→ leaf underside is hairy

fruit→ thick husk, obovoid

bark→ fish net lighter bark

Betulaceae

Alnus Serrulata

hazel alder

leaf→ obovate to elliptical, pinnate venation, finely serrated wavy margin, dark green on top, paler and hairy on bottom,

fruit→ cone (female) catkin flower (male)

bark→ grey brown bark → bumpy lenticels , purplish stalked valvate bud,

Aceraceae

Acer rubrum

red maple

leaf→ palmately lobed with serrated margins → v-shaped sinus 3 or 5

flower→ small red clusters of flowers in mid-winter - fruit→ a pair of samaras

bark→ light grey strippy bark when old , smooth when young

Hydrangeaceae

Hydrangea barbara

climbing hydrangea

leaf→ semi evergreen, oval with acute tip, shiny dark green, waxy

flower→ small creamy, white flower , fruit→ dry, brown, urn-shaped capsule

stem→ red “dagger” buds, red to grey brown stem with gray-brown aerial roots

Rosaceae

Rubus spp.

blackberry

leaf→ palmately compound doubly serrate leaflets, prickles on rachis

flower→ white flowers with 5 small petals, multiple of drupelets , blackberry

bark→ arching canes with many prickles, green or brown bark

Ericaceae 

Rhododendron canescens 

Wild Azalea 

leaf→ obovate to elliptical, dull green above, hairs below

flower→ white to pink, tube-like

bark→ slender, brown, hairy twigs, bark is thin, grey-brown

Ericaceae 

Oxydendrum arboreum 

sourwood 

leaf→ long, finely serrated, shiny green on top, sour to the taste

flower→ drooping clusters of small white flowers, small 5 sided capsule in clusters, persists on tree 

bark→ deep furrows, tan @ the bottom 

Betulaceae

Ostrya virginiana

eastern hophornbeam 

leaf→ doubly serrate, dull green above, yellowish below 

fruit→ “hop-like” flower , nutlet encloses in a dry sac

bark→ “cat scratch bark” 

Betulaceae 

Carpinus caroliniana 

muscle wood

leaf→ doubly serrate, dull green above, yellowish below 

fruit→ nutlet fruit in loose clusters on a hanging stalk; 

bark→ grey bark looks muscular (“swole”) 

Rosaceae

Crataegus spp

hawthorn 

leaf→ highly variable shapes but mostly serrated and lobed, dark green above and paler below 

flower→ small white 5 petal , prodcued in clusters, furit→ small pomes, yellow to red

bark→ bark si smooth grey-brown , scaly when older 

Celastraceae

Euonymus americanus

strawberry-bush 

leaf→ ovate to lanceolate, finely toothed, acute apex, bright green and smooth above

furit→ 4 lobed red capsule looks like strawberry, opens to show red seeds 

bark→ green twig and bark

Ulmaceae

Ulmus alata

winged elm

leaf→ narrlowly ovate, doubly serrate margins, unequal base, two ranked

fruit→ flat samara wiht hariy margins, forked apex

barl→ wings on branches, brown to grey with flat top ridges, thin corky two ranked wings 

Rosaceae

Prunus serotina

black cherry

leaf→ oblong, finely serrated dark green and glabrous above, paler below, fragrant when crushed

flower→ small white flower, long hanging clusters→ red to dark purple drupe, in clusters

bark→ young bark reddish with horizontal lenticles, “burnt corn flakes” and flakly black n mature trees→ white sap at canker

Rosaceae 

Prunus caroliniana 

Carolina laurelcherry 

leaf→ elliptical shape, margins entire or with a few teeth, glabrous, aromatic when crushed 

flwoer→ small, white flwoer, clusters in leaf axils in spring, persistent shiny black drupe furit 

bark→ thin bark,smooth with lenticels, twigs whave cherry scent when scrached ro crushed

Fagaceae

Quercus falcata

Southern red oak

leaf→ “southern bell” end of leaf looks like a bell -. shade and sun leaves

acorn→ shallow cap with orangish brown scales → small

bark→ dark grey brown to black , roughly ridged with deep narrow fissures

Fagaceae

Quercus nigra

Water oak

leaf→ spatula looking

acorn→ lots of small ones

bark→ smooth light gray-brown

Fagaceae

Quercus michauxii

swamp chestnut oak

leaf→ long, large blunt round teeth , dark green and shiny above, pale and hairy below

acorn→ bowl caps

bark→ light gray scaly, with age developing irregular furrows, looks similar to white oak

Fagaceae

Quercus lyrata

overcup oak

leaf→ rounded or pointed lobes, underside is white and hairy

acorn→ warty, covers the whole nut

bark→ light gray-brown, scaly, irregular plates

Ebenaceae

Diospyros virginiana

common persimmon

leaf→ black spots on leaf, long, oblong to oval shape

fruit→ only females have plum-like berry: orange-purple

Bark→ dino like bark

Oleaceae

Fraxinus americana

white ash

leaf→ usaly 7 ovate leaf, upper dark green, lower is whiteish, philip head in between leaves

fruit→ long narrow wing extends from base of seeds

bark→ tan to pale gray- bark with interlacing ridges or blocky

Pinaceae

Tsuga canadensis

eastern hemlock

leaf→ evergreen, flat and narrow, two white lines of stomata on underside droopy branches

cone→ small smooth rounded scales, hanging form branch tips

bark→ smooth when young, turning scaly, purplish brown on older trees

smells like christmas

Cannabaceae

Celtis laevigata

sugarberry

leaf→ serrate , long pointed tip, under surface smooth

fruit→ long drupe purple when ripe

bark→ gray and shiny , dark outgrowths and warts

Fagaceae

Quercus virginiana

Live oak

leaf→ flat , leathery shiny, dark green upper with paler hairy underside

acorn→ small mostly covered by hat

bark→ black, blocky bark → thick furrows

grows out rather than up

sawtooth oak

Quercus acutissima

leaf→ long, bristle tips like a saw

acorn→ medusa looking thing → crazy hair cover most of nut

bark→ tan to brown, ridged and furrowed

good shade tree

Fagaceae

Quercus phellos

willow oak

leaf→ long, small bristle at tip, looks like weeping willow leaf → sword leaf

acorn→ kiss shaped hat, → similar to water oak

bark→ gray-brown, becomes darker and forming rough ridges and furrows with maturity → furrow bark

Fagaceae

Quercus macrocarpa

bur oak

leaf→ thick leathery, many lobes

acorn→ really big acorn

bark→ gray-brown, deep furrows and vertical ridges

Nyssaceae

Nyssa sylvatica

Blackgum

leaf→ obovate long, entire margin smooth no teeth or lobes → turn red

fruit→ purple-black drupes

bark→ 90 degree stem shoots, ovate pointed buds

Moraceae

Maclura pomifera

Osage-orange

leaf→ deciduous alternate, long pointed tip, glossy upper surface → milky sap

fruit→ looks like a rotten tennis ball → aggregate of drupes bumpy green softball → milky sap

bark → bark is orange-brown , scaly ridges with irregular furrows

Anacardiaceae

Rhus glabra

Smooth Sumac

leaf→ pinnately compound → long w/ serrated leaflets→ mily sap on petiole

fruit→ small red hariy drupes in upright clusters , looks like flames on a tree

bark→ tan to gre-brown with mnay corky lenticels , large horseshoe-shaped leaf scar

Fagaceae

Quercus palustris

Pin Oak

leaf→ long lobed leaves with 5-9 bristle-tipped lobes, very deep sinuses

fruit→ acorn round thin saucer-like cap “beret”→ cluster of buds

bark→ gray-brown bark, remains smooth for many years, eventually develops thin ridges and furrows

Fabaceae

Gleditsia triacanthos

Honey Locust

leaf→ deciduous, bi-pinnately compound , ovate , yellowish green color

fruit→ long pod like fruit

bark→ large red branched throns shooting out of the bark→ stretch marks on bark

Fagaceae

Quercus stellata

Post Oak

leaf→ looks like a cross → deep lobed

fruit→ acorn bowl-shaped cap, very warty/scaly covers half of the nut

bark→ ash grey, scaly when young, blocky and ridged when mature

Fagaceae

Quercus alba

White Oak

leaf→ non-bristle tipped lobes, narrow sinuses, lobes point toward tip

fruit→ long, ovoid, warty cap covers ¼ of nut→ lighter green

bark→ white to light grey, look at the top for scaly bark in high canopy

Fagaceae

Castanea dentata

American Chestnut

leaf→ oblong, pinnately veined, coarsely serrated, no hairs

flower/fruit→ male =flower , round sharply spiny husk contained shelled nuts

bark→ hariless grey-green, deeply ridged and furrowed abrk when mature

not many big trees seen today ussally shrub form

Fagaceae

Quercus coccinea

Scarlet Oak

leaf→ 7-9 pointed lobes with bristled tips

fruit→ pixie hat covers ½ nut → shiny scales

bark→ dark brown to nearly black with white vertical lines that look like ski trails DO NOT GO TO BOTTOM OF TREE → buttress base warty

fagaceae

Fagus americana

American Beech

leaf→ egg-shaped, pinnate venation, sharply serrated, tan dead leaves stay on tree in winter→ smooth oblong leaf

fruit→ pair of nuts, long spiny husk, edible

bark→ slender, zig-zag twigs, smooth grey elephant skin bark→ “initial tree”

Altingiaceae

Liquidambar styraciflua

Sweetgum

leaf→ 5-star leaves s.w.e.e.t.→ crush and smell

fruit→ woody, gumballs

bark→ gray-brown highly variable with irregular furrows and rough rounded ridges, corky winged twigs when young

Fagaceae

Quercus rubra

Northern Red Oak

leaf→ pointed lobed leaves 7-11 toothed bristles shallow sinuses → small sinuses

fruit→ long, rounded acorn with flat saucer “beret cao

bark→ black bark with white skil trails → beetle juice bark

Annonaceae

Asimina parviflora

Smallflower pawpaw

leaf→ wide obovate shape, entire margin, smells like a bell pepper

fruit→ green to green-yellow fruit looks like a mango

bark→ “paintbrush” naked terminal bud, smooth grey-brown

bud looks like a deer foot

Fagaceae

Alleghany chinkapin

Castanea pumila

leaf→ oblong, coarsely serrated leaf underside densely hairy

fruit→ sharply spined bur with one nut

bark→ slender grey and wooly twig, like beech bark

Viburnaceae

Viburnum rufidulum

Rusty blackhaw

leaf→ oval shape, finely serrated, upper surface shiny, lower surface and petioles, rusty hairs

fruit→ cluster of small white flowers, black drupes

bark→ short shoots, look like TV antenna, dark rusty fuzzy valvate buds very SOFT

smaller tree

Fagaceae

Quercus velutina

Black Oak

leaf→ lobed leaves with 5-7 bristle-tipped lobes, hairy on underside

fruit→ acorn, long ovoid with fringed elf hat bowl-shaped cap → wheat-shaped bud

bark→ buff colored, hairy, pointed, bark is nearly black and blocky no ski trials

Pinaceae

Pinus virginiana

Virginia pine → native

evergreen needles -2 per fascicle -twisted or curled

The cone has purple lipstick on

thin bark is orange-gray-brown→ scaly

Looks a little rough

Cupressaceae
Chamaecyparis thyoides

Atlantic white cedar → native

wet soils

evergreen→ fragrant

cone looks like a berry, but more like a cone as it grows

bark is thin peeling, ashy gray-red brown

stringy bark The

Cupressaceae

taxodium ascendens

pondcypress→ native

alternate leaf → short shoot → ascend vertically from branch

cone ?

Bark→ red brown → root knees

Cupressaceae

Taxodium distichum

baldcypress→ native

wet soils

leaf→ feather-like, deciduous branchlets, alternate two-ranked

cone→ looks like a hard grape

bark -. red brown, stringy/fibrous

Pinaceae

Pinus palustris

longleaf pine → native

long evergreen needles → 3 per fascicle

HUGE cones → curved prickle

bark → gray brown, thin and scaly when young, becomes thick with plates

Pinaceae

Pinus elliottii

slash pine → native

leaf → 2-3 needles per fascicle-. dark green color

cone -. caramel colored → more squeezable than loblolly

bark -. red brown orange-ish very platy→ flake off plates → light brown cinnamon color

IN THE WICK

Pinaceae

Pinus strobus

eastern white pine → native

leaf → small needles, grey-green, evergreen, 5 needles per fascicle

cone → weird lookin , soft lots of sap

Branches→ strobe lights → 1 for each year of growth

bark is smooth when young

Pinaceae
Pinus taeda

loblolly pine → native

leaf→ yellow-green, 3 needles/fascicle

cone→ egg shape → hurts when you catch it

bark→ grey brown, blocky fat, deep furrows

Cupressaceae

Cryptomeria japonica

Japanese-cedar, sugi → non-native (asia)

Lead→ spiraling, awl-shaped leaves

cone-. globular-shaped

bark→ red brown peel into vertical strips

Pinaceae

Cedrus deodara

deodar cedar → non native (india)

leaf→ evergreen world

cone-. upright barrel like

bark→ grey-brown, scaly ridge tops

Cupressaceae

Metasequoia glyptostroboides

dawn redwood → non native (china)

leaf→ deciduous with opposite needles

cone→ globose looks like a lantern

Bark→ red, fibrous bark, opposite buds

Pinaceae

Pseudotsuga menziesii

douglas-fir → native to western U.S

leaf→ evergreen , yellow green to blue green very fragrant→ rounded tips

cone→ mouse’s foot

bark→ red brown deep furrows, large plates

Ginkgoaceae

Ginkgo biloba

ginkgo -. non native (china)

leaf→ fan shaped→ nont evergreen

reproductive structure→ dioecious, naked seeds with yellow brown fleshy outer layer

bark→ light grayish brown bark, irregular ridges

Cupressaceae

Juniperus virginiana

eastern redcedar -. native

leaf→ evergreen, spiky needles on young trees , scale like on older

cone-. dioecious, only females have waxy cones that look like blueberries (NOT A FRUIT)

bark→ vertical, fibrous, shreddy, red brown to ashy grey , fragrant wood

Pinaceae

Pinus echinata

shortleaf pine → native

leaf→ short, straight, not twisted, 2 needles

cone-. small, slightly armored, more squeezable than virginia pine

bark→ flat, platy, pitch pockets

Plantanaceae

Plantanus occidentalis

American Sycamore

Fruit → hanging, looks like a nut and bumpy

bark→ at the top is white camo looking → flaky

Fabaceae

Robinia pseudoacacia

Black locust

leaf→ alternate, small oval leaves

bark→ dark black bark → rough ropelike

fruit→ clusters of fragrant white flowers → beans

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex glabra

inkberry, galberry

Leaf→ everygreen , elliptical ovate

fruit→ black ddrupe, pea sized dioecious

Bark→ smooth grey → more shurb like

Myricaceae

Morella cerifera

wax-myrtle

leaf→ evergreen, alternate, long and narrow -. yellow dots on surface and underside

fruit→ blue drupe

bark→ thin brown-grey bark with bumps

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex decidua

deciduous holly

leaf→ deciduous, simple, round-tipped

fruit→ red berry

bark→ thin, smooth grayish brown

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex vomitoria

yaupon

leaf→ evergreen, long, rounded teeth

flower & fruit→ small white flowers ( spring) red drupe

bark→ light grey, thin

used to make people throw up when they drank it

Betulaceae

Corylus americana

American hazelnut

leaf→ deciduous, alternative, doubly serrate

flower & fruit → catkin flowers , tiny bright red , round nut

bark→ gray-brown and smooth with a crisscross netted pattern

Ulmaceae

Ulmus americana

American elm

leaf→ deciduous, alternate, oval shape with pointed tip, doubly serrate, smooth serface and hair on underside

fruit→ oval samaras in late spring, greenish-yellow, deeply notched at apex

bark → interlacing, scaly ridges, brown football shaped buds

Betulaceae

Betula nigra

river birch

leaf→ deciduous, alternate, doubly serrate margin

flower→ male catkins in triplets or twins

bark→ papery peeling bark, salmon pink, grey brown and tan on younger trees

Magnoliaceae

Magnolia grandiflora

southern magnolia

leaf→ evergreen, alternate, leathery dark green above with rusty hair below

flower& fruit → creamy white flowers, fruit is cone like aggregate with red shiny seeds

bark→ smooth, gray when young developing plate with age

Magnoliaceae

Magnolia macrophylla

bigleaf magnolia

leaf→ huge leaves

flower→ fragrant wite flower

bark→ thin, grey bark “elephant skin

Magnoliaceae

Liriodendron tulipifera

tulip-poplar/yellow-poplar

leaf→ deciduous, alternate, bright green , cat face

flower & fruit→ greensih-yellow flower, fruit is cone like of samaras with one pointed scale

bark→ gray , smooth when young

Ulmaceae

Ulmus parvifolia

Chinese elm

leaf→ deciduous, alternate

fruit→ roundish, “flying saucer”

bark→ red spots all over

Magnoliaceae

Magnolia virginiana

sweetbay magnolia

leaf→ evergreen , alternate, narrow, green on surface silvery hairs under

flower & fruit → creamy white flowers - aggregate of follicles with red seeds

bark→ smooth, gray bark,

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex opaca

American holly

leaf→ evergreen, alternate, dark green , leathery

flower & fruit→ small white flowers, red drupe

bark→ thin grey and smooth

Aceraceae

Acer Lecodeme

Chalk Maple

leaf→ canadian flag leaf, palmately lobed, hair on the underside 

fruit→ paired samaras, with wide spreading wings 

bark→ looks like someone put white chalk on it, patchy, thin, pale, smooth 

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera japonica

Japanese honeysuckle

leaf→ semi-evergreen, ovate to oval may be entire or lobed, often hairy

flower→ white to yellow-white long petals, tube like appearing in spring

bark→ long, shreddy, peeling bark, light red brown to straw-colored, hollow pith

Styracaceae

Halesia carolina

Carolina silverbell

leaf→ alternate, simple, yellowish-green, pointed tip, finely serrated, slightly hairy below

Flower & fruit→ long, drooping white bell-shaped flower, in clusters, fruit is four-winged drupe in clusters

bark→ small reddish buds, bark similar to serviceberry when young (“stretch marks”) but looks like sourwood when older

Aceraceae

Acer negundo

boxelder

leaf→ looks like a box with the 4 leaves on the compound, serrated and/or slightly lobed margins, looks like poison ivy

fruit→ long hair samaras in clusters

bark→ stout, bright green, shiny twigs, thin, light grey brown bark

Viburnaceae 

Sambucus canadensis 

American elder 

leaf→ rachis is grooved like celery, light green elliptical leaflets serrated 

flower→ small, white flowers in flat topped clusters, black drupes in clusters 

bark→ grey with large raised lenticels, large pith 

Oleaceae
Fraxinus pennsylvanica

green ash

leaf→ 5-9 leaflets, entire or faintly toothed, upper surface dark green, lower surface light green

fruit→ samara with long narrow wing extending halfway down the fruitbody→ Look on the ground for the samara

bark→ stout twig, terminal bud looks like phillip’s head screwdriver, lateral bud sits above leaf scar, spongy bark, gray-tan with narrow fissures and interlacing ridges, sometimes blocky

Malvaceae 

Tilia americana 

American basswood 

leaf→ somewhat heart shaped, coarsely serrate, pointed tip, dense hair below, pinnate venation, palmate at base , unequal halves 

flower→ small yellow flowers, covered by long, curving leafy bract

bark→ zig zag twig, and beer gut bud , bark smooth when young, with flat-topped ridges when mature, sounds like a watermelon when you knock on the bark 

Salicaceae

Populus deltoides

eastern cottonwood

leaf→ triangular shape, crenate or serrate margins, shiny green above, paler below, petiole flattened → blows in the wind

flower→ pendulous catkin flowers, ovoid capsule containing tiny dark brown seeds with tuft of cottony hairs

bark→ large, pointed terminal bud, mature bark is gray with thick flattened or sharp ridges and deep furrows

Salicaceae

Salix nigra

black willow

leaf→ lanceolate, tiny serrations, pointy apex, bright green and shiny above, light green below

flower & fruit→ catkin flower, fruit is cone-shaped capsules containing small cottony seeds

bark→ very dark, shaggy bark with scaly interlacing ridges and deep furrows, exfoliating when mature