Updated Myers' Psychology for the AP® Course, 3E - Modules 78-80
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19 Terms
aggression
any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.
frustration-aggression principle
the principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression.
social script
a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations.
mere exposure effect
the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.
passionate love
an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a romantic relationship.
companionate love
the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.
equity
a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.
self-disclosure
the act of revealing intimate aspects of ourselves to others.
altruism
unselfish regard for the welfare of others.
bystander effect
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
social exchange theory
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.
reciprocity norm
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.
social-responsibility norm
an expectation that people will help those needing their help.
conflict
a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.
social trap
a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.
mirror-image perceptions
mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.
self-fulfilling prophecy
a belief that leads to its own fulfillment.
superordinate goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.
GRIT
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction—a strategy designed to decrease international tensions.
