Year 10 Sociology: Criminal Deviance

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to criminal deviance, including definitions of deviance, crime, theories explaining their occurrence, and the role of social control and sanctions.

Deviance

Any behaviour that violates societal norms or expectations.

Crime

Behaviours defined as illegal by the laws of the state.

Social Control

The processes by which society regulates individual behaviour, ensuring conformity to norms.

Social Control Theory

A theory asserting that individuals are less likely to engage in deviant behaviour when they have strong community ties and relationships.

Strain Theory

A theory suggesting people may turn to deviance due to the strain they feel when unable to achieve societal goals legitimately.

Social Learning Theory

A theory positing that individuals learn behaviours by observing and imitating others, especially role models.

Recidivism

The tendency of previously convicted criminals to reoffend.

Sanctions

Punishments or rewards used to influence conformity to social norms.

Positive Reinforcement

Rewards or positive feedback that increases the likelihood of repeating a behaviour.

Negative Consequences

Outcomes such as exclusion or criticism that can shape an individual's behaviour.