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Roman Empire
A vast empire that grew too large to govern, leading to a series of problems and ultimately its downfall.
Eastern and Western Roman Empire
The empire was divided into two parts, the Eastern and Western Roman Empire, in an attempt to manage its size.
Barbarians
The Romans hired barbarians to fight for them as a solution to the problem of Roman men no longer wanting to serve in the army.
Civil wars
Civil wars broke out in Rome between different factions, contributing to the problems faced by the Western Roman Empire.
Diocletian
The emperor who split the Roman Empire into the Eastern and Western Roman Empire in 285 CE.
Patricians and Plebeians
The division of people in the Roman Republic, with Patricians being aristocrats who made decisions for the public good and Plebeians being common people who could vote but not hold public office.
Twelve Tables
Roman laws that were codified in 450 BC, forming the basis of Roman Law.
Pax Romana
A period of peace and growth in the Roman Empire, lasting for the first 200 years of the Empire.
Constantinople
The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, established by Emperor Constantine and later renamed Istanbul.
Byzantine Empire
The Eastern Roman Empire, which continued for another 1000 years after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Roman Law
The legal system of the Roman Empire, which evolved and became more complex over time, and formed the foundation of many legal systems in Europe.
Dark Ages
The period of decline and disintegration of the Western Roman Empire, leading to a lack of unity and the rise of Germanic invaders.
Legacy of the Romans
The Romans left a basis for legal codes, infrastructure such as roads, and architectural developments like the arch.
Middle Ages
The period between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance, characterized by the decline of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of feudalism.
Peloponnesian Wars
Wars primarily between Athens and Sparta, which led to the decline of Greece.
Golden Age of Greece
A period of cultural and intellectual flourishing in Greece, characterized by the contributions of philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
Hellenism
The blend of Greek and Middle Eastern cultures.
Hippocratic Oath
An oath taken by doctors, attributed to Hippocrates, a Greek philosopher.
Leonidas I
The leader of Sparta during the Persian Wars.
Pericles
The famous leader and builder of Athens during its Golden Age.
Olympic Games
The most important games in Greece, held every four years in Olympia.
Greek Classical Age
A period characterized by religious revival, racial diversity, social equality, and a questioning spirit.
Code of Justinian
The chief source and authority on Roman Law, authorized by Emperor Justinian in 529 AD.
Arch
A structural element developed by the Romans and used in bridges, temples, basilicas, and aqueducts.
Christianity
A religion that threatened the rule of the Roman emperors and eventually gained acceptance under Emperor Constantine.
Pope
The bishop of Rome who claimed to be the divinely ordained head of the Church.
Israel
The land promised to Abraham if he believed in the One God, which is Israel.
Constantine
The Roman Emperor who converted to Christianity, ending the persecution of Christians by the Romans.
Hadrian’s Wall
The greatest military barrier in the western world
Francis
The current Pope, the 266th Pope of the Catholic Church.
