Ethics and Moral Philosophy Exam Review Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts from ethics and moral philosophy, ideal for exam preparation.

Kohlberg's Stage 4

Obeying laws and maintaining social order to uphold one’s duty.

Immanuel Kant's moral choices

Use reason and treat everyone equally under the same moral rule.

Veil of Ignorance

A method to eliminate bias in creating principles of justice.

Aristotle's view on emotions

Emotions should be cultivated and guided by reason to achieve virtue.

True moral worth (Kant)

The intention to follow universal moral duty.

Difference between Bentham and Mill on utilitarianism

Bentham treated all pleasures equally, while Mill distinguished between higher and lower pleasures.

Kant's Categorical Imperative Formulations

Includes the Formula of Universal Law, Formula of Humanity, and Formula of Autonomy.

Excess of virtue 'generosity'

Wastefulness.

Deficiency of virtue 'generosity'

Stinginess.

Gilligan’s Moral Development Stage A

Focus on individual survival and self-interest.

Aquinas' laws

Eternal Law, Natural Law, Divine Law.

Core of Fletcher’s Situation Ethics

The most loving action should guide ethical decisions in each unique context.

Bell Hooks' Oppositional Gaze

A critical way in which marginalized groups, particularly Black women, engage with media representations.

Challenge to Divine Command Theory

It faces the Euthyphro Dilemma.

Stakeholders

Any individual or group that can affect or be affected by the outcome of the company.

Scientific research ethics

Ensuring informed consent and minimizing harm to participants.

Precautionary principle

Supports the responsibility to protect the environment for future generations.

Key economic ethical issue

Fair wages and labor exploitation.

Aristotle on humans and politics

Described humans as political animals.

Heinz dilemma

Aims to assess the reasoning behind a person's moral choices.

Kant's primary function of reason

To determine the moral law through rational reflection.

Distributive justice

Distributing benefits and burdens fairly.

Difference in Aristotle and Plato's views

Plato believed reason should control feelings, while Aristotle believed they should work together.

Kant vs Schopenhauer on reason and will

Kant believed reason should guide us; Schopenhauer believed desires control us.

Utilitarianism core principle

Do what brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people.

Practical wisdom (Aristotle)

Phronesis.

Central idea of Thomas Aquinas’ concept of natural law

A moral order discoverable by human reason.

Feminism's effect on ethics

Helps challenge unfair treatment and encourages respect for all.

Intersectionality in feminism

Focuses on how different identities like race, gender, and class affect experiences.

Dualism in Kant's philosophy

Reason guides moral law; the will expresses it.

Core of Ethical Leadership in Democracy

Upholds justice, accountability, and respects the dignity of citizens.

Principle advocating situational adaptability

Joseph Fletcher's Situation Ethics.

The reason behind ethical research

To ensure credibility and prevent harm.