Grade 10 Religious Studies Notes #30 - History of Christianity

These flashcards cover key terms, figures, and concepts from the lecture notes on the history of Christianity, specifically the Reformation.

Reformation

The movement in the 16th century that resulted in the establishment of Protestant churches and a significant change in Christian beliefs and practices.

Desiderius Erasmus

A Dutch priest known for compiling a Greek New Testament and advocating for a return to biblical texts instead of relics and traditions.

95 Theses

A list of propositions for debate regarding the practices of the Catholic Church, particularly the sale of indulgences, posted by Martin Luther in 1517.

Indulgences

Payments made to the church that were believed to reduce time in purgatory, a practice that Luther protested against.

Justification by faith

The doctrine that God declares sinners righteous solely through faith in Jesus Christ, as emphasized by Martin Luther.

Sola Scriptura

The doctrine that the Bible alone is the ultimate authority for Christians, a principle advocated by Martin Luther.

Diet of Worms

A formal assembly in 1521 where Luther defended his beliefs and refused to recant unless convinced by Scripture.

Lutheranism

The branch of Protestant Christianity that follows the teachings of Martin Luther.

Calvinism

The theological system developed by John Calvin that emphasizes the sovereignty of God and the authority of Scripture.

Ecclesia semper reformanda est

A Latin phrase meaning 'the Church is always in reformation,' indicating the need for continuous renewal within the Church.

Galileo

An Italian polymath who invented the telescope and made significant contributions to science during the Renaissance.

Transubstantiation

The Catholic belief that during the Eucharist, the bread and wine become the actual body and blood of Christ.

Wittenberg

The city in Germany where Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses, marking the start of the Protestant Reformation.

Ulrich Zwingli

A reformer in Switzerland who led the Reformation there and emphasized a return to the authority of Scripture, differing from Luther on the Lord's Supper.

Bubonic plague

A devastating disease that killed about 25% of the European population during the late Middle Ages.