Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia

These flashcards cover key concepts related to hyperkalemia and hypokalemia, including definitions, symptoms, medications, and nursing interventions.

Hyperkalemia

A condition characterized by excessive potassium in the blood, typically defined as potassium levels greater than 5.0 mEq/L.

Hypokalemia

A condition marked by low potassium levels in the blood, generally defined as potassium levels below 3.5 mEq/L.

Normokalemia

Normal potassium level in the blood, typically between 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.

Signs & Symptoms of Hyperkalemia

Anuria, oliguria, muscle twitching, and potential cardiac arrhythmias.

Signs & Symptoms of Hypokalemia

Altered mental status (confusion, lethargy), decreased peristalsis, fatigue, muscle weakness, orthostatic hypotension, and possible paralytic ileus.

Potassium Wasting Diuretics

Medications such as Lasix and Hydrochlorothiazide that increase potassium loss through urine.

Kayexalate

A medication used to treat high potassium levels, binds to potassium in the digestive tract to facilitate its excretion.

Nursing Interventions for Hyperkalemia

Cardiac, neuromuscular, and respiratory monitoring; stop potassium supplements; educate patients on foods high in potassium.

Nursing Interventions for Hypokalemia

Monitoring, administering potassium-rich foods, giving IV potassium cautiously for severe hypokalemia.

Common Dietary Sources of Potassium

Bananas, potatoes, poultry, nuts, fish, and cheese.