Fungi

lab and lecture

Fungi characteristics

• eukaryotic kingdom

• absorptive heterotrophic

• chitin cell wall

• sprophytes

• some are parasitic to plants, animals and humans

define absorptive heterotrophic

secrete exoenzymes into the environment and absorb the digested nutrients

Cell wall of fungi is composed of

chitin

Cell wall of plants are composed of

cellulose

entomology of the word saphrophyte

sapro = Greek origin putrid or decay

phyte= plant

Most fungi are Saprophytes, (saprobes) meaning

Organism that feeds on dead and decaying matter

What are fungi devided into

1. unicellular yeasts

2. filamentous mold

what determines if the fungi are divided into a yeast or a mold?

Based on yeast life cycle stages

Dimorphic meaning

Di =2

morph = forms

Dimorphic fungi characteristics

Have both mold and yeast life cycles

Macrofungi

filamentous fungi that produce fleshing reproductive structures

Examples of macrofungi

mushrooms, puffballs and shelf fungi

Hyphae definition

individual fungal filiments

multiple hyphae or many hyphae are known as

Mycelium

etymology of the word Hyphae

comes from the Greek word web

another term for hyphae that are dark pigmented

Dematiaceous fungi ( think D for Dark(

Septate

hyphae that has walls or dividers throughout its cells ( think nose septum)

Coenocytic or nonseptate

hyphae that are open without walled off structures within

Reproduction of fungal life involves

Asexual and sexual reproduction

Gametangia

Part of the fungi that produces gametes

Sporangia

Part of the fungus that produces spores

Sporangiospores (sports by itself)

Conidiospores (conduit)

Types of Asexual spores

ABC types of specific asexual spores (clones itself) builders

1. Arthrospores (Think arthro pertaining to joints)

2. Blastospores (Think blastocyte builders)

3. Chlmydospores ( Think etymology connected)

Types of Sexual spores ( think bag or sac)

1.Ascospore ( rearrange asc you have sac & sex))

2. Basidiospore (Basal being on the bottom during sex needing 2 partners

3. Zygospore (after penetration fertilized egg is a zygote)

Sexual reproduction of fungi

Gametes ( haploid) need to combine w fertilization to produce a zygote w a single diploid nucleus = set of 2 complete chromosomes 1 from each parent

Order of fungi reproduction

Please carry Me

Please Carry Me means

Plasmogamy

Karyogamy

Meiosis

Plasmogamy def

fusion of the cytoplasm

Karyogamy

Joining of the kernel or nuclei

conidia

spores that form at the end of a hyphae

Asexual spores that are produced by buddig

Blastospores

The type of spores produced when the hyphae breaks

Arthrospore

Chlamydospores (Chlamydoconidia)

Formed at the end of some hyphae and are at a resting stage (Asexual repro)

Division zygomycota

• Forms zygospore when the zygote undergoes meiosis

• Produces sporangiospores

• Anchoring rhizoids (root like structures) where hyphae joing the base of unbranched sporangiospores

Division Ascomycota

• Produces ascus (sac) in which the zygote undergoes meiosis

• Produce haploid ascospores

Ascomycete hyphae are what type of hyphae?

septate and includes yeasts

Division Basidomycota

• septate hyphae

• Budding

• produces basidium that undergoes meiosis to produce 4 basidiospores to its surface

Rjozopus

Columella- supports sporangium

• After release sporangiospores develop into identical hyphae that produced them

• Sexual reproduction occurs when different mating strains (+ and -) make contact

Rhizopus Progametangia

extend from each hypha and nuclei and cytoplasm

The walls between to gametangia dissolve and a thick walled zygosporangium develops