apush progressivism terms

Progressives

Progressives

Wanted to modernize American Institutions, improve conditions of life and labor and get government involved in science, regulation of business, and political democracy

Muckrakers

Exposed problems that had been buried by society (political, social, economic)

Collier’s, Cosmo, McClure’s, Everybody’s, Ladie’s Home Journal

Muckraking magazines

Lincoln Steffens and “The Shame of the Cities”

Published in McClure’s. Denounced corruption in city governments

Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives

Exposed living conditions in tenement houses

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

Exposed the filth and disease in Chicago slaughterhouses

Ida Tarbell and Standard Oil

Published an expose on the Standard Oil Company

16th Amendment

Federal Income Tax

Suffrage

the right to vote in political elections

Initiative

Progressive reform allowing voters to propose a law

Referendum

Progressive reform allowing citizens to vote on proposed laws

Recall

Allows voters to remove an elected official from office

Australian Ballot

Private voting

Immigration Quota 1917

Restrictions extended from China farther into Asia preventing them from migrating to the US

Eugenics

Selective breeding to remove “undesirables” from population. Later used by Hitler

Malaga Island, Maine: community, government actions, legacy

A mixed race community in Maine forced out of their island during the progressive era because of eugenics

Jane Addams

Founded Hull House in Chicago, women’s rights activist, supported African American Suffrage

Florence Kelley

State factory inspector in Illinois, headed the National Consumers league, supported African Americans and worked in Hull House

Julia Lathrop

Pioneer in the field of child welfare, head of the US Children’s Bureau

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Wanted women to contribute to the economy and abandon domestic status. Created centralized nurseries and kitchens to get women into the workforce

Sophia Loeb

Campaigned for mother’s pensions and reported on Mother’s day

Leonora O’Reilly

Labor activist from the working class who formed friendships with wealthy women. Was a founder of the New York WTUL

Ida B. Wells-Barnett

Muckraking journalism exposing lynching

Fannie Williams

Developed Black settlement houses

Frances Perkins

First women to head a federal cabinet department under FDR (Department of Labor)

Women’s clubs

Groups promoting progressive beliefs by the women in them such as regulation of child labor, suffrage, and schooling

GFWC

General Federation of Women’s Clubs. Provided women with an intellectual outlet but excluded African Americans

NACW

National Association of Colored Women. Focused on family welfare among Black Americans who were excluded by the GFWC

National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW)

Worked with the eastern European Jewish community.

National Congress of Mothers

Addressed the needs of the American family and the role of mothers. Now the PTA. Cared for children’s rights in school specifically

National Consumers League (NCL)

Founded by Florence Kelley. Goal to mobilize women as consumers and improve retail and manufacturing wages and working conditions

National Child Labor Committee (NCLC)

Wanted protective labor laws ending long hours for women and labor of children and adolescents. Also wanted state government provided factory inspectors to make sure laws were enforced.

National Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL)

An organization of wealthy and poor women who wanted to form unions

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Parent organization of hundreds of smaller local and state groups, suffrage organization. Instrumental in winning the ratification of the 19th amendment

Women’s Christian Temperance Movements (WCTU)

Against alcohol (wanted national ban) and against prostitution

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Fought for African American rights

Children’s Bureau

Government agency dedicated to public health for infants and mothers, against child labor. Predominantly women working for it

United States Women’s Bureau

Founded in the aftermath of WWI to tend to the needs of working women

Department of Commerce and Labor

Established by Roosevelt to deal with domestic economic affairs

Panic of 1893

National crisis set off by the collapse of two of the country’s largest employers (Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and the National Cordage Company)

Muller v. Oregon

Upheld an oregon law limiting women’s workdays to ten hours. Divided women’s rights activists

Lochner v. U.S.

Ruled that New York State couldn’t limit bakers’ hours

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

Garment workers died in a fire because of improper safety precautions which sparked change in workplace safety

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

Focused on Conservation of natural resources, Control of Corporations, and Consumer protection

Elkins Act and Hepburn Act

Controlled railroad prices

Northern Securities and the court decision

Trust dissolved between the Union Pacific and Northern Pacific Railroads which led to the dissolution of the Northern Security Company because the court voted against the companies for holding a monopoly

Meat Inspection Act

Rules created for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines

Pure Food and Drug Act

Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adultured food or drugs. Gave the government powers to ensure safety and efficency of drugs to abolish the patent drug trade

Forest Reserve Act 1891

Teddy Roosevelt used this to protect 172 million acres of timberland as part of his policy to save resources and make big business mindful of their impact on the environment

Land conservation under Teddy Roosevelt

230 million acres of land set aside for national parks and monuments. Goal to preserve natural resources for a long time

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

Established 12 regional Federal REserve banks and a federal reserve board appointed by the president to regulate banking and create stability.

Federal Trade Commission (1914)

Empowered a standing, presidentially appointed commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Extended the anti-trust protections of the Sherman Anti-trust act and exempted labor unions and agricultural organizations from anti-monopoly constraints

Workingmen’s Compensation Act (1916)

assistance granted to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability

Adamson Act (1916)

Established an 8 hour workday for train employees. First federal law regulating the hours of workers in private companies

17th Amendment

direct election of senators

18th Amendment

prohibition of alcohol

19th Amendment

Women’s suffrage