Early Modern Americas AP World P2

Spain in the caribbean 1492

Taino Indians - gold jewelry, labor source - almost fully wiped out

in caribbean

explorers call them indians upon arrival bc thought they were in india

base of operations (force slave work on ppl)

encomienda

jesuit priests - BEFORE protestant reformation but still weakening of catholic church

encomienda

similar to manoralism - serf labor on plantations + mines

sugar labor

paying “rent” thru labor to keep living there

Spain in Caribbean 1600s early

gold runs out - mainland

port area: galleons, mercantilism, national rivalries —> pirates

Spain in caribbean 1600s late

sugar plantations (compete w/ portuguese)

labor force dies off—> african slave trade starts here

Iberians in central + south america (mexico)

mexico - 1521

looking for gold, find the aztec civilization

large centralized states - conquer

cortez —> tenochitlan

guns, germs, steels, allies

iberians in central + south america (andes)

Andes - 1530

pizarro

small #s, guns, germs, steel, internal divisions

incan civil war

kidnaps emperor as hostage - kills him anyway

Spanish administration

caribbean base - conquest

“New Spain” - wealth for the crown

shift interaction with natives after conquest

provinces: viceroy w checks + balances with audiecias

viceroy and audiencias

viceroy chief executive

audiencia high court + administrative body

checks + balances to prevent the other from getting too strong

X reports what Y does to king, Y reports what X does to king

Spanish administration - how cities change

cities > countryside (want metropolitan areas)

spanish influence in city centers

village councils, tributes - republica de indios (political community)

republica de indios kinda sovereign but taxes paid

spanish elites bored in haciendas —> port cities become mini european

haciendas

encomienda —> hacienda

large estate system w slave labor (indigenous + africans)

portuguese in brazil

navigating ocean, miss a turn, end up in brazil

treaty of tordesillas (1494)

administration: viceroys

sugar: native americans escape or die - african slave trade

treaty of tordesillas

1494

pope does the treaty to allieviate conflict

takes a map, circles it

anything IN circle is portuguese

anything OUT of circle is spanish

portuguese claim brazil

Iberian society in new world

casta system

mestizo - spanish/native

mulattoes - european/african

zambos - slave/native americans

social status based on how caucasian you are

percentage matters

Peninsulares + Creole on top of pyramid

peninsulares + creoles

born on iberian peninsula

fully spanish

born in americas but both parents spanish

Iberian religion + literature

animism/polythiestic/nature spirits

jesuit priests - death or conversion

cult of saints - syncretic

aztec codex —> paganism (hatred, against it)

gets replaced with spanish

Iberian colonial economies (farming)

ranching + farming:

haciendas - live on ranch house, oversee lots of land

encomiendas - native labor/tax system

dept peonage/share cropping

MITA - CONTINUITY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

dept peonage/share cropping

provide crops instead of labor

Iberian colonial economies (mining)

labor: voluntary + labor tax

impact of silver —> inflation

native resistance

anytime communities come in, resistance happens

forced to work —> retaliate by GRADUALLY working slower —> giving less

Pueblo rebellion

Pueblo rebellion

pope’s rebellion 1680

spanish forced out, kill priests/peninsulares

Brazillian economy

sugar - large investment + large profit

wealthy portuguese + workers only

transatlantic slave trade

French in north america

native groups in small scattered tribes

mostly good relationship

furs, gunpowder/steel

no families = no need farmland → no take overs

no conversions

not many clashes, is a transactional relationship

french + natives benefit from each other

french impact on native americans

intertribal warfare - tribes want to be w/ french

overhunting

gun technology, hatchet, alcohol, language mix

metis

metis

mixed race children

English in north america

motives: gold, conquest, religious freedom

church of england too catholic

pilgrims + puritans escape king

Jamestown VA - tobacco cash crop

indentured servitude

indentured servitude

cheaper than slaves bc poor englishmen

rice to feed slaves in caribbean

do work then owe debt

english relationship w native americans

BAD

families want land —> british force natives off land, natives force british off land (both want land)

force off in form of massacres

no cultural/ethnic mixing

administration of english colonies

1215 magna carta - king can’t tax/jail w/o consent (like limited monarchy)

reponse to king's previous heavy taxation

governing selves - king is not directly involved

have own legislature + govern themselves

caribbean + india focus - want to take their land

7 years war/ French/Indian war

britian vs france - national rivalry

fight for land