Physics Charge, Magnetism, Plate tectonics review

How do charged objects interact?

Like charges repel, opposite charges attract, and charged objects can attract neutral objects by polarization.

How do objects become charged?

Objects become charged when electrons transfer through friction, contact, or induction.

What happens when tape is pulled apart or a balloon is rubbed on hair?

Electrons transfer between materials, leaving one object positive and the other negative.

What is the triboelectric series?

A list ranking materials by how easily they gain or lose electrons.

How do you use the triboelectric series?

It helps predict which object becomes positive or negative when rubbed together.

Why don’t your hands get charged when rubbed together?

Because hands are slightly moist and conductive, allowing charges to flow away.

What is a conductor?

A material that allows electrons to move easily.

What is an insulator?

A material that does not allow electrons to move easily.

What happens inside a conductor when a charged object is nearby?

Charges rearrange inside the conductor due to polarization.

What happens when a charged object touches a conductor?

Electrons transfer and the conductor becomes charged.

What are the parts of the static electricity model?

Electrons move, protons stay fixed, charges transfer, like charges repel, opposite charges attract.

What causes an object to become electrically charged?

Electron transfer.

How can two magnets interact?

They can attract, repel, or rotate to align.

How does a magnet interact with a ferromagnetic object?

The object becomes temporarily magnetized and is attracted.

How does a magnet interact with a non-ferromagnetic object?

There is no interaction.

What is a force at a distance?

A force that acts without physical contact, such as gravity, magnetism, and electric force.

What happens if two repelling magnets are rotated 180°?

They attract.

What happens if two attracting magnets are rotated 180°?

They repel.

How is Earth like a magnet?

Earth has a magnetic field and acts like a giant bar magnet.

How do you find the north pole of a magnet?

The end that points north on a compass is the north pole.

What is the difference between a rubbed and unrubbed nail?

A rubbed nail is magnetized; an unrubbed nail is not.

How do you rub a nail to make it point north?

Stroke it in one direction using a magnet’s north pole.

How do you rub a nail to make it point south?

Stroke it in one direction using a magnet’s south pole.

How do you demagnetize a nail?

Shake it, drop it, hit it, or heat it.

Why does hammering demagnetize a nail but shaking doesn’t?

Hammering provides enough energy to randomize magnetic domains.

What is the domain model of magnetism?

Magnetism occurs when magnetic domains align.

What happens when a magnet is cut in half?

Each piece becomes its own magnet with north and south poles.

What makes an object ferromagnetic?

Its atoms form domains that can align.

What happens at an oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary?

One plate subducts, forming trenches and volcanic islands.

What happens at an oceanic-oceanic divergent boundary?

Plates move apart, forming mid-ocean ridges and new crust.

What happens at a continental-oceanic convergent boundary?

The oceanic plate subducts, forming volcanoes and mountains.

What happens at a continental-oceanic divergent boundary?

Rifting occurs and can form new oceans.

What happens at a continental-continental convergent boundary?

The crust crumples and forms mountain ranges.

What happens at a continental-continental divergent boundary?

Rift valleys form and can lead to new oceans.

Which plate boundaries create mountains?

Continental-continental convergence and continental-oceanic convergence.

Which plate boundaries create earthquakes?

All boundaries, especially convergent and transform.

Which plate boundaries create volcanoes?

Oceanic-oceanic convergence, oceanic-continental convergence, and divergent boundaries.

What are properties of static electricity?

Charge transfer, forces at a distance, attraction and repulsion.

How does a scientific model explain static electricity?

By tracking electron movement and charge rearrangement.

How do objects become charged?

By gaining or losing electrons.

Why don’t conductors hold static charge well?

Because electrons move freely and discharge easily.

What caused the fire at the gas pump?

A static spark ignited gasoline vapor.

How do magnets interact with other magnets and materials?

They attract or repel other magnets and attract ferromagnetic materials.

How does a model explain a magnetized nail?

Magnetic domains become aligned.

How does a model explain demagnetization?

Domains become randomized.

What causes magnetic striping on the ocean floor?

Magma forms new crust that records Earth’s changing magnetic field.

What causes continents to move apart?

Seafloor spreading at mid-ocean ridges.