Basal Ganglia

normal basal ganglia functions

• roles

• circuit

• regulates corticospinal tract and descending pathways

Abbreviations

parts of the basal ganglia

label basal ganglia

lentiform nucleus

corpus striatum

neostriatum

• consists of

• appearance

• role

• cell types

paleostriatum

inputs to basal ganglia

basal ganglia outputs

neostriatum afferents and efferents

• excitatory or inhibitory

Globus pallidus

• constituents

• input

• output

• pathways

• direct and indirect pathway neurones are mixed up in striatum

substantia nigra

• two parts and their input/outputs

Direct pathway (basal ganglia)

Indirect pathway (basal ganglia)

symptoms of disruption to basal ganglia

hemiballism

• disorder of subthalamic nucleus

• limbs on one side of body have involuntary movements

• treated with deep brain stimulation

Parkinson’s disease

• symptoms

• age of onset

• incidence

• symptoms

basal ganglia pathways with parkinsons

Huntington’s Disease

• cause

• age of onset

• incidence

• symptoms

basal ganglia pathways with huntingtons

basal ganglia pathways in late stage huntingtons

• loss of movement