E-Business Concepts and Infrastructure

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts in E-Business, networking infrastructure, and information systems.

E-Business

Business conducted online, encompassing all aspects of buying and selling goods and services.

Networking Infrastructure

The physical hardware and software components that enable network communication and data transfer.

Scalability

The ability of a system to expand and manage increased demand by adding resources.

Availability

The assurance that a system will be operational and accessible when required.

Maintainability

The ease with which a system can be maintained and repaired to ensure continuous operation.

Performance

A measure of how quickly a system responds or completes tasks, often influenced by hardware and software.

MTTF

Mean Time To Failure; the average time expected until the first failure of a system.

MTTR

Mean Time To Repair; the average time required to repair a failed system.

Web Server

A server dedicated to processing requests via HTTP, allowing access to web content.

HTTP Server

A server that uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol to serve web pages to clients.

Throughput

The rate at which a system processes requests, commonly measured in operations per second.

Latency

The delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction.

Dynamic Load Balancing

The method of distributing network traffic across multiple servers to optimize resource use.

Application Server

A server that handles business logic and transactions between the web server and database.

Database Server

A server that provides database services to other computer programs or computers.

Cache

A temporary storage area for frequently accessed data to improve speed.

Cookies

Small pieces of data sent from a server and stored on a client’s computer to track user activity.

IP Address

A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate.

DNS

Domain Name System, responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses.

URI

Uniform Resource Identifier, a string used to identify a resource on the Internet.

Client-Server Model

A communication model where a client makes requests and a server provides resources.

OSI Model

A conceptual framework used to understand network interactions in seven layers.

TCP/IP Model

A set of communication protocols used for the Internet and similar networks, which is divided into four layers.

Transport Layer

The layer responsible for end-to-end communication and error recovery.

Data Link Layer

The layer that provides node-to-node data transfer and handles error correction from the Physical layer.

Physical Layer

The lowest layer in the OSI model, responsible for the transmission of raw data over physical mediums.

Virtual Memory

A memory management technique that provides an “idealized abstraction” of the storage resources.

Data Warehouse

A centralized repository that stores large amounts of data from various sources for analysis.

OLAP

Online Analytical Processing, a technology that enables analysts to perform multidimensional analysis of business data.

Data Mining

The process of discovering patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data.

Entity Relationship Diagram

A visual representation of different entities within a system and their relationships.

SQL

Structured Query Language, a standardized language used to manage relational databases.

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Dedicated file storage that enables multiple users to access data over a network.

Storage Area Network (SAN)

A dedicated network that provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage.

Direct Attached Storage (DAS)

Storage directly attached to a computer or server, not accessible over a network.

Web Client

A software application that enables users to access web services.

Session Layer

The layer responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating sessions between applications.

Presentation Layer

The layer that formats data to be presented to the user.

Application Layer

The top layer of the OSI model where software applications enable user interaction.

Transport Layer Protocols

Protocols such as TCP and UDP that facilitate communication between devices on a network.

Protocol Stack

A set of protocols that work together to control data communication.

Redundancy

The inclusion of extra components that are not strictly necessary to functioning, used to increase reliability.

Firewall

A network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing traffic.

Backup

The process of creating copies of data to be used in case the original data is lost or corrupted.

Encryption

The process of converting information into a code to prevent unauthorized access.

Database Management System (DBMS)

Software that interacts with the database, the user, and other applications to capture and analyze data.

Web Browser

An application used to access information on the World Wide Web.

Operating System

System software that manages computer hardware and software resources.

User Interface

The means by which a user interacts with a computer or software system.

Task Management

The process of managing the execution of tasks and resources in an operating system.

File Management

The management of data storage and access in a computer system.

Caching

A technique for temporarily storing often-used data to reduce retrieval time.

Virtualization

The creation of a virtual version of something, such as a virtual computer server.

Network Protocol

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data over a network.