Angevins: Henry II - Week 7

What did Matilda's claim to the English throne lead to?

Matilda never officially gave up her claim, which eventually led her son, Henry II, to claim the throne.

How is Henry II often referenced in relation to his family heritage?

He is known as Henry the Plantagenet and is referred to as the Angevin king due to his father's origins.

When was Henry II crowned Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou?

He was crowned during Matilda's lifetime as he sought to establish himself as a knight.

Who did Henry II marry, and what was significant about her?

He married Eleanor of Aquitaine, who was politically active and had been married to the King of France before him.

Why was Eleanor important to Henry II’s claim to the throne?

She had land and an army, which strengthened Henry’s position in England.

What role did Eleanor's power play in Henry II’s invasion of England?

Henry II invaded England in 1153 with support from Eleanor's resources.

What was Henry II's title after Stephen’s death?

After Stephen's death in 1154, Henry II was deemed Stephen's heir.

Why was Henry II called the "Castlebreaker"?

He was known as "Castlebreaker" for dismantling illegal castles built by barons who maintained their own armies.

What legal reforms did Henry II implement?

Henry II issued laws promoting order, including the Assizes of Clarendon (1166), which helped lay the groundwork for the jury system.

Who was Thomas Becket?

Born around 1118 as the son of a merchant, Becket became a high-ranking church official and later served as Chancellor.

How did Thomas Becket's relationship with Henry II change after he became Archbishop of Canterbury?

As Archbishop, Becket’s commitment to the church led to conflicts with Henry II’s reforms, particularly regarding taxation and church authority.

What were the main issues that caused conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket?

Excommunication of royal officials and how clergy accused of crimes should be tried.

What were the Constitutions of Clarendon?

Laws issued by Henry II aimed at asserting royal authority over church courts and judicial punishment.

What happened to Becket after he opposed the king’s reforms?

Becket was denounced by Henry, fled to France, and was considered an outlaw upon leaving without permission.

How did Becket’s conflict with Henry II escalate?

After a failed reconciliation, he was ultimately murdered by four knights influenced by Henry's frustrations.

What were the consequences of Becket's assassination for Henry II?

The Pope sentenced Henry to three years of pilgrimage, and he had to repent, conceding some power over church matters.

What was a significant outcome of Henry II's relationship with the church after Becket's death?

Henry retained a role in clergy appointments but accepted church elections for clergy positions thereafter.