Mutations and Genetics Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to mutations, genetics, and biotechnology as discussed in the lecture.

Mutations

Changes to the DNA sequence that can affect genetic information.

Frameshift Mutation

A mutation that shifts the reading frame, changing every amino acid after it.

Silent Mutation

A mutation that has no effect on the organism, as it does not change the amino acid sequence.

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotype probabilities of offspring.

Homozygous

Organism with two identical alleles for a specific gene.

Heterozygous

Organism with two different alleles for a specific gene.

Codominance

A genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed.

Incomplete Dominance

A genetic scenario where the phenotype is a blend of the two parental traits.

X-linked Recessive

A mode of inheritance where the gene causing the trait or disorder is located on the X chromosome.

Autosomal Dominant

A trait that is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present.

Autosomal Recessive

A trait that is expressed only when two recessive alleles are present.

Biotechnology

The use of living systems and organisms to develop or create products.

Genetic Variation

Diversity in gene frequencies within a population.

Genotype

The genetic composition of an organism.

Phenotype

The physical expression or characteristics of that genotype.