PNUR104 - W10D2 : Urinary Elimination

Voiding/micturition/urination

The process of releasing urine

Bacteremia

Bacteria in the bloodstream

Dysuria

Painful urination

Hematuria

When there’s blood in the urine

Incontinence

Loss of bladder control

Retention

Incomplete emptying of the bladder

Frequency

Having to use the bathroom a lot (especially seen in pregnant women)

Stress incontinence

Accidental leakage of urine due to stress/pressure on the abdominal area (ex: coughing, laughing, sneezing, exercising)

Nocturia

Urinating frequently at night (5-6x)

Urgency

The minute someone needs to pee it’s urgent, and they aren’t able to hold it

What is a bladder scan?

Testing the patient’s bladder to see how much urine is in it

What is oliguria?

When you urinate, but barely any urine comes out ; decreased urine output

SKB: Transient Urinary Incontinence

Temporary acute loss of bladder control

• could be due to UTI, new meds, illness

SKB: Urgency Urinary Incontinence

Sudden intense urge to urinate leading to leakage

SKB: Stress Urinary Incontinence

Leakage that happens with cough, laugh, exercise

SKB: Mixed Urinary Incontinence

Stress & Urgency combination

SKB: Urinary Incontinence Associated w Chronic Retention

Overflow leakage because the bladder is full

SKB: Functional Urinary Incontinence

Physical/cognitive inability to reach the toilet in time

SKB: Multifactorial Urinary Incontinence

Multiple, combined factors/causes

Elevated post void residual

When a person has an abnormally high amount of urine left in their bladder after urinating

NKB: How many mL of urine can the adult bladder hold?

400-600mL

NKB: What is the adult norm frequency for urinating?

5-7x a day

NKB: What is the normal pH of urine?

• Acidic: <4.5 (less than)

• Alkaline >8 (bigger than)

What is there a possible indication of if glucose is found in urine?

If present, it could be a sign of diabetes

What is there a possible indication of if ketones is found in urine?

If present, it could be a sign of diabetes or starvation

What is there a possible indication of if blood is found in urine?

If present, it could be a sign of a UTI, kidney disease or internal bleeding 

What is the fluid intake norm for adults?

2,400-2,800 mL/day

What types of fluid loss decrease urine production?

• vomiting 

• diarrhea

• sweating 

• burns

What substances increase urine production?

Diuretics - caffeine, alcohol, meds

Polyuria

Urinating too much in a day

Low urine output is called?

Oliguria