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PET scan
A brain imaging technique that detects active areas of the brain by using a radioactive tracer.
CT scan
An imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed images of the brain and other body parts.
fMRI
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow and oxygenation.
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an individual, consisting of the alleles inherited from parents.
Phenotype
The observable physical and physiological traits of an individual, shaped by both genetics and environment.
Allele
A specific version of a gene that may produce differing traits.
Neurotransmitter
Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons.
Myelin sheath
The fatty substance that insulates axons, increasing the speed of neural signal transmission.
Sympathetic nervous system
Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the 'fight or flight' response.
Endocrine system
A system of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions.
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