big idea 2: data - ap csp flashcards ੈ✩‧₊˚

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what is a bit

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Description and Tags

all info is taken from the barrons book!!

18 Terms

1

what is a bit

shorthand for a SINGLE binary digit, either 1 or 0

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2

how many bits make up a byte

8 bits

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3

how many BYTES are in a kilobyte and a megabyte

1024 (kb), about 1 million bytes (mb)

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4

the binary number system follows the base ___

2

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5

bits are grouped to represent ___________

abstractions

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6

what is an analog signal + examples of analog data

these signals have values that change smoothly over time, NOT discrete intervals

ex. pitch, volume of music, colors in a painting, etc.

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7

what is a digital signal

basically an analog signal that’s been broken up into steps, measured at discrete or distinct intervals

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8

what is the sampling technique

measuring values of an analog signal at regular intervals called SAMPLES

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9

what are sampled measure for

they are measured to figure out the exact bits required to store each sample

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10

what is an overflow error

lots of programming languages have a fixed number of bits to represent integer limits and/or characters; if the bit limit is surpassed, it results in an overflow error

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11

what are roundoff errors

occur when decimal values are rounded

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12

what does lossy compression do

it significantly reduces file size for storage and transmission, however, the original data cannot be recovered

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13

what does lossless compression do

it’s a compression where no data is lost, however, even after compression, file sizes are larger, meaning it’s difficult to store, transfer, and handle

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14

what is the process of cleaning data

makes data uniform without changing its meaning

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15

what do predicting algorithms do

they use information collected from big dat sets to influence our daily lives

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16

what is metadata

data about the given data, or data that describes your data

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17

how do scatter plots visualize data

points are plotted and a line/curve of best fit is used to determine the relationships

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18

how do linear graphs visualize data

they show trends over time

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