big idea 2: data - ap csp flashcards ੈ✩‧₊˚

all info is taken from the barrons book!!

what is a bit

shorthand for a SINGLE binary digit, either 1 or 0

how many bits make up a byte

8 bits

how many BYTES are in a kilobyte and a megabyte

1024 (kb), about 1 million bytes (mb)

the binary number system follows the base ___

2

bits are grouped to represent ___________

abstractions

what is an analog signal + examples of analog data

these signals have values that change smoothly over time, NOT discrete intervals

ex. pitch, volume of music, colors in a painting, etc.

what is a digital signal

basically an analog signal that’s been broken up into steps, measured at discrete or distinct intervals

what is the sampling technique

measuring values of an analog signal at regular intervals called SAMPLES

what are sampled measure for

they are measured to figure out the exact bits required to store each sample

what is an overflow error

lots of programming languages have a fixed number of bits to represent integer limits and/or characters; if the bit limit is surpassed, it results in an overflow error

what are roundoff errors

occur when decimal values are rounded

what does lossy compression do

it significantly reduces file size for storage and transmission, however, the original data cannot be recovered

what does lossless compression do

it’s a compression where no data is lost, however, even after compression, file sizes are larger, meaning it’s difficult to store, transfer, and handle

what is the process of cleaning data

makes data uniform without changing its meaning

what do predicting algorithms do

they use information collected from big dat sets to influence our daily lives

what is metadata

data about the given data, or data that describes your data

how do scatter plots visualize data

points are plotted and a line/curve of best fit is used to determine the relationships

how do linear graphs visualize data

they show trends over time