Flashcards on Philippine History

A detailed collection of flashcards covering key concepts from Philippine history lectures, designed for exam preparation.

Barangay

A government unit size in the pre-Hispanic period consisting of 30–100 citizens or families.

Sultanate

An early political and social structure that rose in Southern Mindanao during the 15th century.

Colonization of the Philippines

The period during which Spain colonized the Philippines from 1565 to 1898.

Patronato Real

Provided for the union of Church and State in the Philippines during Spanish rule.

Encomendero

A Spanish official who had the obligation of collecting tribute from indigenous peoples.

Governor-General

The chief executive during Spanish colonization in the Philippines.

Propaganda Movement

A reform movement that occurred after the execution of GOMBURZA, advocating for reforms.

Tejeros Convention

The event where Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as president.

Dictatorial Government

The form of government established during the Philippine independence on June 12, 1898.

Felipe Agoncillo

The Philippine emissary to the Treaty of Paris and president of the Hong Kong Junta.

Malolos Republic

The first Republic of the Philippines inaugurated on January 23, 1899.

Military Government

The first type of government established by Americans in the Philippines.

Francis Burton Harrison

The US Governor-General known for promoting Filipinization.

Tydings–McDuffie Act

The law that led to the independence of the Philippines from the United States.

José P. Laurel

The president of the Second Republic in the Philippines.

U.S–Philippines Military Bases Agreement

Not considered an achievement of Manuel L. Quezon's administration.

Manuel Roxas

The last president of the Commonwealth and the first of the Third Republic.

Japanese-Sponsored Second Republic

A transitional government established under Japanese occupation.

1902 Constitution

Not a previously approved constitution in the Philippines.

National Assembly

The legislative branch of the Second Republic established during the Japanese occupation.

Pact of Biak-na-Bato

An agreement for a truce between the revolutionary government and Spain.

Treaty of Paris

Resulted in Spain ceding the Philippines to the United States.

Malolos Republic

The republic that fought against Spain but was not an elected government.

Democratic

The concept of 'rule of the people' as stated in the 1987 Constitution.

National policy

War is renounced as an instrument of national policy in the Philippine Constitution.

International diplomacy

Not considered a paramount foreign policy in the Philippines.

Cory Aquino

Accomplished notable reforms but did not terminate the martial law proclamation.

Unicameral legislature

Not a feature of the 1987 Constitution, which established a bicameral legislature.

1935 Constitution

The constitution of the Commonwealth and the Third Republic of the Philippines.

Social Justice

Essential to the enjoyment of democracy as stated in the 1987 Constitution.

Promotion of just and dynamic social order

Not considered a maintenance obligation of peace and order.

Youth

The state recognizes their vital role in nation-building.

Proclamation No. 1081

The document signed by Marcos to proclaim martial law.

1973 Constitution

Allowed postponement of elections under martial law.

PCGG

An agency created to recover ill-gotten wealth in the Philippines.

Constitutional Convention

The process through which the draft of the 1973 Constitution was created.

6 years

The length of the presidential term as stated in the 1987 Constitution.

Women

The state ensures equality before the law for women.

Local governments

The state ensures autonomy of local governments as part of its governance.

Without discrimination

Guarantee of equal access to public service as stated in the Constitution.

Encouragement of private enterprise

Not a policy under the 1987 Constitution.

September 23, 1972

Significant date for the proclamation of Martial Law.

Prime Minister

Another government position held by Marcos in addition to the presidency.

Juan Ponce Enrile

The Minister of National Defense during the EDSA Revolution.

February 25

The anniversary date of the EDSA People Power Revolution.

1987 Constitution

The constitution drafted by the Constitutional Convention under Muñoz-Palma.

Corazon Aquino and Salvador Laurel

The opposition tandem in the snap elections that led to the 5th Republic.

February 2, 1987

The date of the ratification of the 1987 Constitution.

76%

The percentage of votes that ratified the 1987 Constitution.

French-style semi-presidential system

Describes the governmental style associated with the 4th Republic.

Fourth Republic

The era that corresponds to the government during Martial Law.

Land reform

The process of taking over land from landowners and distributing it to tillers.

Aliping saguiguilid

A group that did not possess land during the Spanish period.

Encomienda

The government system based on land conquest during Spanish colonization.

Inquilino

Tenants who paid fixed rent for leased lands from friars.

Malolos Constitution

Declaration that lands and properties of religious corporations belong to the State.

RA 1400

The Land Reform Act enacted in 1955 (related to land reform).

Torrens Title

A form of land distribution provided for in the Land Registration Act of 1902.

U.S. Civil Government

The government that bought and distributed friar lands to farmers.

Pedro Calosa

The leader of the Colorum Revolt.

Social Justice Program

Quezon's initiative that did not adopt the distribution of landlords' lands.

Aliping namamahay

Equivalent of serfs in medieval Europe.

Caciques

Spaniards who seized the lands of poor Filipino tillers.

Tribute

A payment made by natives to the encomendero, which is considered an obligation.

Dominicans

The most dominant religious order in land ownership during the colonial period.

Commonwealth Act No. 178

Law that provided control over landlord-tenant relations.

First Philippine Republic

The declaration restoring religious properties to the Filipino State occurred during this period.

Republic Act No. 34

Law establishing 70–30 sharing and regulating share tenancy.

Court of Agrarian Relations

Agency created by Republic Act No. 1199.

RA 1400 coverage

Tenanted rice and corn lands over specified areas for individuals and corporations.

Retention limit

The specified limit of land that one can retain under RA 3844.

President Carlos P. Garcia

The president who passed no new agrarian reform law.

Republic Act No. 821

Law that provided loans at an interest rate of 6–8%, enacted under President Ramon Magsaysay.