Modern Studies

Recorded Crime

P- Scottish Crime and Justice Survey

Ex - increase in number ot sexual offences

P- Police Recorded Crime

Ex- There was 57 murders in 23/24

Sociological Causes For Crime

P- Poor Role Models

Ex- Young Child Could Look Up To A Gang Leader

P- Drugs and Alcohol

Ex- 67% of violent crime is under the influence

Economic Causes for Crime

P- Unemployment

Ex- 22% of people who are unemployed and claim benefits have comitted crime

P- Poverty

Ex- 10% of most deprived areas in scotland cause 30% of arrivals in prison

Biological Causes of crime

P- Poor Mental Health

Ex- ADHD

P- Lambrosos theory

Ex- Long arms/ Tattoos

Consequence of crime on perpatrator

P- Unemployment

Ex- Andrew Wallace will struggle to find a job as hes in jail for 27 years

P- Jail/Loss of freedom

Ex- Paul green recieved 25 years for being the leader of a OCG

Consequence of crime on a victim

P- Effects mental health

Ex- can leave a victim scared to go places they have before

P- Fiancial Cost

Ex- Someone caught in a scam could go thousands in debt

Consequence Of Crime On Families

P- Negative Impact on Mental Health

Ex- Julie Reillys mother didnt appear in court

P- Impact on familiar relationship

Ex- If Andrew Wallace had kids they wouldnt have a Father Figure

Consequence Of Crime on Community

P-Vandalism

Ex- Burnbank is less desirable as the amount of gang grafitti

P- Community Spirit

Ex- Nidrie Edinburgh has a high police presents cause of 2 shootings

Adult Court System

P-High Court

Ex- Most serious types of crime (Rape,Murder)

P- Sherriff Court

Ex-Serious types of crime (Theft,assault)

P-Justice of the peace court (JOTP)

Ex- least serious types of crime( minor assaults)

Childrens Hearing System

P-ASBO Anti-social behaviour order

Ex- If a child was stealing ir vandalising

P-Supervision Requirement

Ex-If a child was mistreated at home would be re-located

Roles Of Police

P-Investigate

Ex-Spent over a year investigating julie reilly

P-Prevent

Ex- They made a campaign to prevent Modern Slavery (Break the chain)

Structure Of Police

P-Locality Police

Ex- Most high schools have a campus cop

P- Special crime devision (SCD)

Ex-Andrew Wallace case had involved them

Powers Of The Police

P-Stop and search

Ex- 32-307 involving search or seizure from june 2017 to may 2018

P- Arrest

Ex- 98,960 april 1st to march 31st 22/23 by police scotland

Police Are Ineffective

P- Number of unsolved Murders

Ex- 1000 unsolved murders since 1960

P-Recent Rise in violent crime

Ex- Non-Sexual crime has raised by 16% in recent recent years

Police Are Effective

P- Preventions Strategies

Ex- Hamilton Grammar have a community police officer (Campus Cop)

P- investigations they carry out

Ex- used many resources to gather more information on Julie Reilly (Dog and air unit)

Governmant Responses To Crime Effective

P- Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP)

Ex- it rised by 30% in 2024

P-Violence Reduction Unit (VRU)

Ex-non sexual violent crime down 20% since 2010

Government Responses To Crime Ineffective

P- Young People Carrying knifes still a problem

Ex-7,500 young people carry knifes

P-MUP not acted like a deterrent

Ex- 5000 DUI In 2015, 75000 DUI in 2021

Prison system being criticised

P-Amount of drugs in Scottish Prisons

Ex-5000 parcels where intercepted in HMP Barlinnie

P- Overcrowding in Scottish Prisons

Ex- Barlinne had 1.489 during inspect 40% over designed capacity

P-Staff Shortage

Ex- 2016-17 vacancies rose from 47-154

More Money Spent On Prisons

P- Chance To Educate Themselves

Ex- Young offenders HMP YOI Polmont can opt into different SVQ courses (engineering , Painting)

P- Keep Crominals away from society

Ex- Andrew Wallace sentenced to 27 years

Alternatives To Prison

P- It is cheaper

Ex- One prisoner costs £47,000 with £1,900 (community payback service

P-Combat Root of Offending Behaviour

Ex- Drug Treatment and testing order(DTTO) helps drug abuse

P-Prevent Overcrowding

Ex- Home Detention Curfews used to get offenders in and out of prison faster.

Key Features Of USA Political System

P-Seperation of power

Ex- The executive checks the work done by the legislative by carrying it out

P-No one branch can function without the other

Ex-Legislative make a law,Judical cant evaluate it if executive doesnt carry it out

Ways Citizens can participate in their politcal systen

P-Vote

Ex-In 2024 presidential elecetion Trump got more thah Kamala Harris

P-Protest

Ex-2020 BLM protests carried out after the death if george floyd

Political Rights US citizens have

P- Vote

Ex- In 2020 Joe Biden got more votes than Donald Trump in presential election

P- Join Political Party

Ex-Joe Biden Joined the democratic party in 1969

Groups UnderRepresented in USA

P-Young People

Ex-In 2020 election 52% of 18-29 turned out to vote

P- Women

Ex- In 2020 election only 120 women where elected to congress out of 535 seats

USA military influence on other countries

P- Most Money Spent

Ex-$800 billion spent

P-Amount of bases/nukes around world

Ex-7,000 nukes

Political influence on other countries

P-United Nations (UN)

Ex- Vote in veto reolutions that affect global security

P-NATO

Ex-Encourage other countries to follow foreign policy goals

Economic Influence on other countries

P-Attract Business

Ex-90,000 jobs are in American companies

P-Tourism

Ex-USA citizens spent £500mil and made over 450,00 trips to scotland

Some Groups More Socially and ecomically more succesful than others

P- Lack of employment

Ex- 2019, 6% of black , Compared to 2% if white are unkemployed

P-Healthcare

Ex-9% if whites without healthcare compared to 25% of blacks.

Some Groups Experience Social Or Economic Issue

P-Unemployment

Ex-6%blacks and 3% whites are unemployed

P-Life Expectancy

Ex-79yo whites and 75yo whites

Government responses to Social and Economic inequalities in USA

P- Affordable Healthcare act

Ex- Those without insurance fell by 15 million

P- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

Ex- $125 a month for each person in household

Two Devolved Powers

P- Education

Ex- In England they spend £9000 a year for tuition fees

P- HealthCare

Ex- Scotland do not have prescription charges

Two Revolved Powers

P- Immigration

Ex-UK government took in 82,000 Ukranian refugees during their war

P- Military

Ex- The Trident programme which Scotland voted against is in Clyde bank, Scotland

Reaons why the First Minister is powerful

P-Makes decisions that inpact Scotland

Ex-Neil Gray was appointed his health minister

P-He meets with other world leaders

Ex-John Swinney and Kier Starner had a meeting to discuss gaza ceasefire

P-Represent Scotland on an international level

Ex- Former FM Nicola Sturgeon Represented Scotlandat COP 26, Glasgow 2021

Two key features of a democracy

P-Right To Protest

Ex-In 2021 Greta Thunberg led a protest for Climate change in glasgow COP26

P-Right to vote

Ex- On the 6th of May a scottish general election took place which Snp got 64 chairs

Political rights and responsiblities

P- Right to vote ensure u use it

Ex-In Scotland you need to be over 16 to vote in an election

P-Stand as a candidate in an election accept result

Ex-John Swinney became the first minister of scotland

Two roles of the first minister

P-Discuss with the prime minister

Ex-Kier starmer and John Swinney dicussed over the 82,000 Ukranian refugees during their war.

P-Represent at an international level

Ex-Former First minister Nicola Sturgeon represented Scotland at COP26 in glasgow, 2021

Methods used by pressure groups to gain influence in a democracy.

P- Direct Action

Ex-250 member protest by the scrap the trident oressure group at faslane naval base

P-Lobbying

Ex-In 2013 Father 4 Justice early day motion 210 gained 104 MPs from across all parties

Why some methods used by pressure groups are effective

P-Dirext action effective it captures media attention.

Ex- Stop the trident cemented and chained themselvea together at faslane

P- Lobbying is effectice as Gains MSPs support.

Ex-In 2013 Father For Justice early day motion 210 gained support of 104 Mps across all parties.

Two reasons why some people join pressure Groups

P-Strong personal attachment

Ex-In Fathers for justice pressure group a father that has lost contact with their kid are more likely to join

P-To help protest more effectively

Ex-There has been a 250+ member protest organises by the scrap the trident at faslane naval base

Advantages of the additional member system (AMS)

P-Better Representation

Ex- There is currenlty 2 femle MSP from an ethjic minority background in scottish parliament

P-Fairer result

Ex-In 2021 scottish parliament election the green party got 8.1% of the vote and got 8 seats

P- More Choice Votera

Ex-Voters could vote for Davy Russell on thier contituency ballot paper ad vote for Monuca Lennon on their Regional.

Disadvantages Of Additional Member System (AMS)

P-Coalition Government

Ex-The Snp and green party were on coalition with one another in 2021election

P-Too Complicated

Ex-Pink paper is constituency and orange is region

P-Weak Government

Ex-in 2021 SNP struggledto get their budget passed and had to team up with Scottush green party