CLT 3040 Exam 5

amyl-

starch

angin-

choking pain, angina pectoris

aort-

aorta

arct(at)-

compress

ather-

fatty deposit [soup]

atri-

atrium [entrance hall]

bol-

a throwing

capill-

capillary [hair]

cirs-

dilated and twisted vein, varix

-clud- / -clus-

close

cor / cord-

heart

coron-

crown

cusp / -cuspid

point

dextr-

right (side)

-form

shape

gurgit- / gurgitat-

flood, flow

pector-

breast, chest

phleb-

vein

pulm(on)-

lung, pulmonary artery

rhythm-

heartbeat [steady motion]

sept-

wall, partition

sin- / sinus-

sinus [curve, hollow]

sinistr-

left (side)

sphygm-

pulse

stal- / stol-

send, contraction

tens(i)-

stretch

thromb-

blood clot

top-

place

vag-

vagus nerve [wandering]

varic- / varix-

dilated and twisted vein, varix

vas-

(blood) vessel, vas deferens

ven-

vein

ventr-

belly, abdomen, abdominal cavity

systole

contraction of heart, blood sent through aorta and pulmonary artery

diastole

expansion and dilation of heart, atria and ventricles fill with blood from venae cavae and pulmonary vein

sphygmomanometer

inflatable cuff used to take blood pressure

mitral valve

one-way valve between left atrium and left ventricle

facies mitralis

facial appearance of someone with mitral malfunction (distended capillaries and cyanosis)

Ptolemy I

former general for Alexander the Great

Galen

born 129 AD, attended Alexandria medical school and Asclepium; believed blood was carried from the veins to the right ventricle through the septum to the left ventricle

Michael Servetus

challenged Galen's theory of blood circulation; believed blood traveled from right ventricle to the lungs to the left ventricle

William Harvey

discovered circulation of blood; believed blood leaves heart, passes to organs and body parts, then returns to the heart and cycles again

Marcello Malpighi

discovered the action of capillaries by examining frogs

general respiratory process

nose and mouth --\> pharynx and larynx --\> trachea and bronchi --\> lungs and oxygenated blood

Galenic body (tripartite system)

soul is located in brain, heart, and liver

tuberculosis

"the wasting disease"

inspiration

inhaling oxygen

expiration

exhaling carbon dioxide

pulmonary vein

only vein that carries oxygenated blood

pulmonary artery

only artery that carries deoxygenated blood

pleura

sacs surrounding each lung; visceral (inner) and parietal (outer) layers

hydrothorax

accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

hemothorax

accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

pneumothorax

accumulation of air in the pleural cavity

mediastinum cavity

separates lungs (and their pleural sacs) from each other

diaphragm

muscular membrane beneath lungs

thorax

entire area between diaphragm and base of neck

alve-

hollow, cavity

anthrax / anthrac-

coal, anthrax

aux- / -auxe / -auxis

grow, increase

bacter(i)-

bacterium [small staff]

bronch(i)-

bronchus [windpipe]

capn-

carbon dioxide [smoke]

cocc- / -coccus

coccus (a type of spherical bacterium) [berry]

coni- / koni-

dust

labi-

lip

larynx / laryng-

larynx

paresis

slackening of strength, paralysis

pharynx / pharyng-

pharynx [throat]

phys-

air, gas

pleur-

pleura [side]

pne-

breathe

pneum(at)-

air, gas [breathe]

pneum(on)-

lung

sider-

iron

spir(at)-

breathe

staphyl-

uvula, palate; staphylococci (microorganisms that cluster like grapes) [bunch of grapes]

stern-

chest, breast, breastbone

steth-

chest, breast

strept-

streptococci (microorganisms that form twisted chains) [twisted]

sud(or)-

sweat, fluid

thorax / thorac-

chest cavity, pleural cavity, thorax

trach(e)- / trachy-

trachea [rough]

diptheria

leatherlike false membrane (made of pus and dead cells) that forms on mucous surfaces of air passages

tracheostomy (intubation)

provides respiratory passage

emphesyma

chronic pulmonary disease; causes excess of air in lungs and destruction of alveolar walls

influenza (grippe)

contagious respiratory viral infection; originally used for various epidemic diseases, then given to disease we know today in 1743

pneumonia

inflammation of lungs resulting from infections caused by pathogenic organisms

penicillin

culture of certain molds that inhibit the growth of bacteria; named by Sir Alexander Fleming

anthrax

highly infectious disease caused by spore-forming bacteria; often agent for biological warfare

woolsorter's disease / ragsorter's disease

inhalation anthrax

anthracosis (black lung)

fibrotic interstitial lung disease; often affects coal miners

byssinosis

often affects cotton mill workers

silicosis

often affects granite and sandstone workers

asbestosis

caused by exposure to asbestos; can lead to bronchial carcinoma

siderosis

often affects iron and steel workers

silo filler's disease

often affects grain silo workers; caused by nitrogen dioxide exposure

tubercles

lesions of lung tissues

pertussis (whooping cough)

caused by bacillus Bordetella pertussis; prevented by routine immunization

asphyxia

originally meant lack of pulse; now means a condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen