Bio 113- Lecture 23 (Cellular Respiration)

What happens to glucose?

Gets broken down to release energy

• energy is used to make ATP

Catabolic reactions

Breaking down glucose

• releases energy

Anabolic reactions

Using energy released by catabolic reactions to build ATP

Where is ATP synthase located?

The mitochondria (matrix)

How does ATP synthase work?

• There is a hydrogen ion gradient that is built up inside the intermembrane space

• High concentration of H+ ions causes H+ to flow through membrane channel and that spins ATP synthase

As the concentration of ATP increases, ATP synthase will

Slow down

• ATP= product of reaction

• more product= slows down reaction

If hydrogen ion gradient in the intermembrane space increases, ATP synthase will…

Speed up

• More H+ ions= they will flow through intermembrane space faster and ATP synthase will speed up

True or false? The molecules of the electron transport chain must use energy to drive H+ to the intermembrane space and maintain the high concentration there

True

• It’s maintaining the high concentration, so they must be utilizing energy

What happens with electrons in the electron transport chain?

• As electrons are pass from one molecule to the next, energy is released

• The higher molecule has more energy

O2 in the electron transport chain

• The final electron acceptor

• Accepts electrons and then makes water

Carbs

• most preferred reactant of cellular respiration

• enter at glycolysis

Sugars and glycerol (from fats)

• can enter cellular respiration through glycolysis

Proteins

• can be broken down into amino acids

• amino acids can convert into pyruvates and acetyl-CoA and enter cellular respiration

• don’t need glycolosis

Fermentation

• regenerates NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue

• it doesn’t directly produce ATP

• DOESN’T continue cellular respiration

• only happens in no oxygen environment