HNF 143. 2nd LE

Communication

Process of transferring an IDEA, SKILL, ATTITUDE from one person to another

Communis

Term meaning commonality or sharing

Communicare

Term meaning to make something common

Sender/source

It is an individual or group who has a message to impart with one or more people.

Message

It refers to a set of signs and symbols that are given by the source to create meanings for the receiver

Channel

It pertains to the medium used to convey a message from the sender to the receiver

Receiver

It means the party (individual or group) To whom the sender transmits the message

Feedback

It describes the receiver's response or reaction to the sender's message.

Source/Sender

In the case of nutrition education, the nutrition educator acts as the ___________.

Message

In the case of nutrition education, this refers to as the phrases as "eat a variety of foods" or "consume nutritionally-balanced diet."

Channels

In the case of nutrition education, this refers to the counseling, leading a mother's class, newsletter, or mass media campaign

Aristotle's Model of Communication

A communication model that is focused on public speaking.

Logos

It refers to the appeal to your audience's intelligence with well-constructed and clearly argued ideas (context, logic of the message)

Ethos

Building trust by establishing your credibility and authority (credibility of the author)

Pathos

It refers to the emotional appeal among your audience to instill impact (emotional appeal to audience)

Shannon and Weaver's Model of Communication

A communication model based on the information theory, particularly the transmission and reception of messages. It adds the concept of noise.

Physical Noise

Refers to the environmental sounds such as raining sounds, thunderstorms, barking, fans, or sounds in general affecting communication model.

Physiological Noise

Refers to the state of well-being affecting communication model

Psychological Noise

Refers to the perception, beliefs, attitudes, financial crisis affecting the communication model

Semantic Noise

Refers to the differences in meaning such as jargons, mispronunciation, wrong sentence affecting communication model.

Cultural Noise

-Refers to the wrong explanations as exploited by posture, gesture, eye contact, dress-up affecting communication model.

Berlo's Communication Model

A communication model that identifies factors for the four identified elements: source, message, channels, receiver

Intrapersonal

Level of communication where transaction takes place within the individual

Interpersonal

Level of communication where two persons communicate with each other

Group

Level of communication where more than two individuals are involved

Mass communication

Level of communication directed to a large body of people

Newspaper, google

Examples of mass or public level of communciation

Behaviorism

Idea that children learn by observing the behaviors of others

John B. Watson

Behaviorism was known to be founded by _________________.

Blank state

State of mind of a person inherently affected by behaviorism

B.F. Skinner

Positive and negative reinforcement of behaviorism was known to be founded by ___________.

Cognitive Development

study of how children acquire the ability to learn, think, reason, communicate, and remember upon building / application of previous knowledge

Nutrition Education

a process of translating the findings of nutrition science to diverse audiences and settings

Communication skills, attitude, knowledge, social systems (ComAttit-KnowSoc)

According to Berlo's Communication Models, what are the factors that affects the sender?

Content, elements, treatment, structure, code (CETSC)

According to Berlo's Communication Models, what are the factors that affects the message?

Hearing, Seeing, Touching, Smelling, Tasting (senses)

According to Berlo's Communication Models, what are the factors that affects the Channel?

Communication, Attitude, Knowledge, Social Systems (CommAttitKnowSoc)

According to Berlo's Communication Models, what are the factors that affects the Receiver?

WOVEN Communication

This emphasizing the importance of integrating diverse modes to communicate effectively in various contexts.

Written, Oral, Visual, Electronic, Nonverbal

WOVEN Communication stands for?

Lasswells' Model of Communication

a convenient way to describe communication is to answer questions: (1) Who? (2) Says what? (3) In which channel? (4) To whom? and (5) With what effect?

Communicator, message, medium, receiver, effect

Lasswells' Model of Communication contains the following components: (5)

Osgood and Schramm's Models of Communication

introduced the idea of feedback from the receiver to the sender. In this model, communication becomes a continuous process of messages and feedback, which allows for interaction

Schramm's Model of Communication

Model of communication that suggests, "If there is no commonality in the sender's and receiver's field of experience, then communication does not take place.

Verbal Communication

Level of communication which uses spoken words. May also include oral, visual, written, and electronic means.

Non-verbal communication

Level of Communication through sending or receiving wordless message. It includes gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice, eye contact.

Learning

"act or experience wherein an individual acquires knowledge and skills; connect new information to existing knowledge; develops habits and work with others to

Goal

Elements of learning where the behavior change must be relevant to the needs and concerns of the person.

Readiness

Elements of learning where it is important that the person be "physically, mentally, and emotionally prepared" to handle the change in

Situation

Elements of learning where the _________ must provide the learner with viable alternatives where the person can make a choice one can evaluate/think.

Interpretation

An element of learning where a person’s perception is colored by background, socio-economic status, values, experiences, etc.

Response

Elements of learning that says, “the person will act according to their perception expecting to give the best results.”

Consequence

Elements of learning where it is the result of the response that can be a confirmation or contradiction.

Reaction to thwarting

Elements of learning where the consequence is unfavorable or not consistent to expectations, the person may explore other avenues.

Classical conditioning

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events establishing associations.

Behaviorist Theory

This example follows what learning theory: use of mannequins to teach bathing procedures.

Stimulus-Response Model

Behaviorist confirms to this type of model where learning is the product of stimulus conditions and responses

Cognitive Theory

People as information processors. The key to learning is changing the person’s cognition.

Constructivism

students learn new information by building upon constructing knowledge they've already gained

Cognitive Theory

This example follows what learning theory: breaking goals to manageable steps

Jean Piaget

Cognitive Constructivism is associated with _____________.

Lev Vygotsky

Social Constructivism is linked to __________.

Social Learning Theory

A learning theory that suggests, "people learn within a social context, and learning is facilitated through concepts such as modeling, imitation, etc.)

Albert Bandura

Social Learning Theory was developed by _________.

Reciprocal determinism

This refers to a person's behavior, environment, and personal qualities, all reciprocates one another.

Operant conditioning

B.F. Skinner proposed this model where rewarding the right parts of complex behavior reinforce its recurrence.

Psychodynamic Theory

Learning theory that states behavior may be conscious or unconscious, meaning individuals may or may not be aware of their motivations and why they feel, think, and act as they do.

Psychodynamic Theory

Learning Theory follows this example: food aversion is influenced by childhood

Sensorimotor (Birth-2years)

describes Piaget's stage in which the child explores the world through interaction of his mouth and hands with the environment. (Age)

Preoperational (2-7 years)

Piaget's cognitive development, when egocentrism declines. Children think symbolically, using symbols to represent words, things, pictures, people, and ideas. Children imitation.

Concrete operational (7-12 years)

in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events and think arithmetically.

Formal operational (12 years onwards)

in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development characterized by the ability to hypothetical thinking, logical reasoning, and the ability to understand complex concepts

Humanistic Theory

theory assumes that learning of each individual is unique and that all individuals have a desire to grow in a positive way. Needs must be met first.

Abraham Maslow

He is considered to be a major contributor to Humanistic Theory.

Humanistic Theory

type of learning theory that demonstrate the following: hungry student cannot learn well.

Humanist

Built on the premise that humans are fundamentally good and will act appropriately if their needs are met

Learning Styles

Refers to the "cognitive, effective, and psychosocial characteristics that serves how learners interact with the learning environment.”

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

The types of learners are identified based on the developments in personality theory

Carl Jung

MBTI was proposed by ____________.

Extraverts

MBTI elements that focus on the outer world.

Introverts

MBTI elements that focus on the inner world of ideas.

Sensors

MBTI element that focus on practicality, detail-oriented, and facts & procedures

Intuitors

MBTI element that focus on imagination, concepts, meanings, and possibilities.

Thinkers

MBTI element that is often skeptical, decision based on logic & rules

Feelers

MBTI element that decides primarily on personal and humanistic considerations

Judgers

MBTI element that focus on following agenda, seeking closure with incomplete data

Perceivers

MBTI element that focus on adapting to circumstances, obtains more data

Dunn and Dunn Learning Style Model

This model anticipates an observable improvement when learning style match learning environment

Kolb's Experiential Learning Model

A learning model that states learning involves the acquisition of abstract concepts that can be applied flexibly in large situations.

Type 1 (concrete, reflective)

Kolb's Experiental Learning Model refers to this type that often respond well to experience, interest, and future career. Instructors often focus as motivators (Answers the Why?)

Type 2 (abstract, reflective)

Kolb's Experiental Learning Model refers to this type that responds to information presented in organized and logical fashion. Instructors often function as experts (Answers the What?)

Type 3 (abstract, active)

Kolb's Experiental Learning Model refers to this type where learners work by trial-and-errror. Instructors work as coach (Answers the How?)

Type 4 (concrete, active)

Kolb's Experiental Learning Model refers to this type that likes to apply course material that involves real problems. Instructors pose open-ended question (Answers the What If?"

Felder-Silverman Model

Learning model that denotes four dimensions of personality that contribute to learning. These dimensions can be viewed as a continuum with preferences

Sensing learners

According to Felder-Silverman Model, these are the learner that tend to be concrete, practical, methodical, and oriented toward facts and hands-on procedures.

Intuitive learners

According to Felder-Silverman Model, these are the learner that tend to lean with abstractions

Visual learners

According to Felder-Silverman Model, these are the learner that tend to draw with pictures, diagrams, etc.

Verbal learners

According to Felder-Silverman Model, these are the learner that tend to written and spoken explanations

Sequential learners

According to Felder-Silverman Model, these are the learner that tend to think in a linear manner or logical steps

Global learners

According to Felder-Silverman Model, these are the learner that tend to think in system-oriented manner.

Multiple Intelligences Theory

Learning model that states there are at least seven ways that people understand and perceive the world.