Anatomy Exam 1 LCC

Body organization (smallest to largest)

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism

Organ Systems (11+1)

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive, Immune

Anatomy

The study of body structure

Physiology

The study of body function

Atrophy

The wasting away of a body organ or tissue from non use

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. Can be Anabolic or Catabolic.

Anabolic

A process in which large molecules are built from small molecules

Catabolic

A process in which large molecules are broken down

Ingestion

Intake of food or drink

Digestion

Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used. Can be Mechanical or Chemical.

Absoprtion

Nutrients that move from digestive system to bloodstream

Responsiveness

Ability to react to stimuli

Differentiation

Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

Reproduction

The process of producing offspring

anatomical position

Erect, body forward, palms forward, arms at side, parallel legs

Midsagittal Plane

The plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves

Parasagittal Plane

Vertical plane passing through the body from front to back, dividing the body into unequal left and right sides

Frontal plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Traverse Plane

Divides the body into upper and lower portions

Oblique Plane

Divides body at an angle

Superior

Higher on the body, nearer to the head

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

Anterior

Toward the front

Posterior

Toward the back

Ventral

Toward the belly

Dorsal

Toward the spine

Medial

Toward the midline

Lateral

Away from the midline

Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body

Contralateral

On the opposite side of the body

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Distal

Away from the point of attachment

Superficial

Near the surface of the body

Deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

External

Located outside the body

Internal

Located within the body

Ventral cavity contains

Thoracic cavity and Abdominopelvic cavity separated by the diaphragm

Thoracic cavity contains

Pleural cavity, Pericardial cavity, Mediastinum

Pleural cavity contains

Lungs, Pleural membranes

Mediastinum cavity contains

Thing between and around the heart and lungs.

Pericardial cavity contains

Heart, Pericardium membranes

Abdominopelvic cavity contains

Abdominal and Pelvic cavity

Abdominal cavity contains

Digestive organs, spleen, kidneys, liver, extends inferiorly to the brim of the pelvis

Pelvic cavity contains

urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

Dorsal cavity contains

cranial cavity and spinal cavity

cranial cavity contains

skull, brain

spinal cavity contains

spinal cord

Membrane types

mucous, serous

Mucous membrane

an epithelial tissue that secretes mucus and that lines many body cavities and tubular organs lining of various body cavities, including the nose, ears, and mouth

Serous membrane

a thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa

Parietal layer

lines the internal surface of the cavity wall

Visceral layer

covers external surface of organs

Acrominal

pertaining to the point of the shoulder

Antebrechial

pertaining to the forearm

Antecubital

pertaining to the front of the elbow

Axillary

pertaining to the armpit

Brachial

pertaining to the arm

Buccal

pertaining to the cheek

Calcaneal

pertaining to the heel

Carpal

pertaining to the wrist

Cephalic

pertaining to the head

Cervical

pertaining to the neck

Coccygeal

pertaining to the tailbone

Coxal

pertaining to the hip

Cranial

pertaining to the skull

Crural

pertaining to the leg (shin)

Cubital

pertaining to the elbow

Digital

pertaining to the fingers or toes

Dorsum

pertaining to the top of the foot or back of the hand

Facial

pertaining to the face

Femoral

pertaining to the thigh

Frontal

pertaining to the forehead

Gluteal

pertaining to the buttocks

Hallux

pertaining to the big toe

Ingunial

pertaining to the groin

Lumbar

pertaining to the area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin

Mammary

pertaining to the breast

Manual

pertaining to the hand

Mental

pertaining to the chin

Nasal

pertaining to the nose

Occipital

pertaining to the back of the head

Oral

pertaining to the mouth

Orbital

pertaining to the eye

Otic

pertaining to the ear

Palmar

pertaining to the palm of the hand

Patellar

pertaining to the anterior knee (kneecap) region

Pedal

pertaining to the foot

Perineal

pertaining to the region between the anus and external genitalia

Plantar

pertaining to the sole of the foot

Pollex

pertaining to the thumb

Popliteal

pertaining to the back of the knee

Pubic

pertaining to the genital region

Sacral

pertaining to the region between the hips (overlying the sacrum)

Scapular

pertaining to the scapula or shoulder blade area

Sternal

pertaining to the sternum

Sural

pertaining to the calf or posterior surface of the leg

Tarsal

pertaining to the ankle

Temporal

pertaining to the temple

Thoracic

pertaining to the chest

Umbilical

pertaining to the navel