AP World Timeline (copy)

Abbasid Caliphate

An Islamic empire centered in Baghdad known for its developments in Dar al-Islam and an emphasis on trade.

Filial Piety

A practice in Neo-Confucianism emphasizing honoring one’s ancestors and parents, with daughters-in-law often receiving the least importance.

Crusades

Military campaigns by European Christians between 1095-1291 aimed at converting Muslims and non-Christians.

Genghis Khan

Mongol leader who unified the tribes of Mongolia and expanded the Mongol Empire from 1206 to 1227.

Silk Roads

Trade routes established by the Han dynasty that were highly influential during the Mongol Empire.

Magna Carta

Signed in 1215, it granted citizens the right to a fair trial, established the principle that everyone, including the king, is subject to the law, response to the arbitrary rule of King John of England, aimed at limiting the power of the monarchy and securing certain freedoms for individuals

Mansa Musa

Emperor of the Mali Empire who is known for his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324, showcasing Mali's wealth.

Black Death

A devastating pandemic that emerged in 1346, killing nearly one-third of the population in the Middle East and half in Europe.

Ming Dynasty

The Chinese dynasty from 1368 to 1644 that established peace and order after the decline of the Mongols. Known for restoring Han Chinese rule and culture. The Ming era saw a flourishing of arts, literature, and technological innovations.

Zheng He's voyages

Exploratory missions sent by the Ming Dynasty from 1405 to 1433 to engage other states in a tributary system.

Aztec Empire

An expansionist empire in Mesoamerica with its capital at Tenochtitlan, noted for its trade and sacrifice practices.

Inca Empire

An expansionist civilization in South America known for its bureaucracy, unified language, and the Mit’a System.

Printing Press

Invented by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, it made books more affordable and increased literacy.

Ottoman Empire

An empire founded by Osman Bey that expanded into a vast territory from Greece to Persia, notable for adopting gunpowder weapons. Reached its height in the 16th century under Suleiman the Magnificent, when it controlled large areas including Southeastern Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. Used gunpowder to gain military advantages in their conquests and territorial expansions.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement that began in 1517 with Martin Luther’s 95 Theses, challenging Catholic Church practices. This movement aimed to reform the church's corruption and the perceived excesses of the clergy, emphasizing the importance of individual faith and the direct relationship between the believer and God. The Reformation led to the establishment of various Protestant denominations, such as Lutheranism and Calvinism

Scientific Revolution

A period from 1550 to 1700 marked by advancements in science and a shift in thinking about the natural world.

American Revolution

A conflict from 1765 to 1783 that established the United States, influenced by Enlightenment ideas.

French Revolution

A revolution from 1789 to 1795 driven by social inequality and economic hardship, leading to significant political change.

Cold War

A period of geopolitical tension between the US and the USSR, beginning after World War II and lasting until 1991.

September 11 attacks

A series of terrorist attacks on the United States by Al-Qaeda in 2001, leading to the US invasion of Afghanistan.

NAFTA

The North American Free Trade Agreement that came into effect in 1994, eliminating most trade tariffs between Canada, the US, and Mexico.

Boxer Rebellion

An uprising by Chinese nationals against foreign influence in China, occurring between 1899-1901.