Type II Hypersensitivities

antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity

What is type II hypersensitivity?

ABCs of hypersensitivity

Type I = Allergic Anaphylaxis and Atopy

Type II = antiBody

Type III = immune Complex

Type IV = Delayed

(term = what is this)

host cell surface molecules

The mechanism of type II hypersensitivity is, simple put, where __________________ is seen as foreign by the host immune system

IgG, penicillin

In type II hypersensitivities, ______ antibodies are produced and bind to altered molecules on the cells leading to their destruction.

What is the classic example of this?

sometimes penicillin can bind to errythrocytes, creating a foreign epitope

Wait... WHY does penicillin cause a type II hypersensitivity?

macrophages, CD4 T helper cells, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, mast cells

After penicillin binds to a red blood cell, _________________ will recognize it and present this to ____________________ cells. This means antibodies against penicillin (penicillin-protein conjugate specifically) and if this is bound to a red blood cell, it will be destroyed by ________________________ and can activate ___________________ cells causing anaphylaxis

IgG; complement, FcR+ cells, phagocytes, NK cells

Type II hypersensitivity reactions begins with _________ being produced against a cell or matrix associated antigen. Then _______________________________ (4) take over to cause destruction/lysis

false: type II hypersensitivity may be associated with abnormal physiologic responses without cell or tissue injury (TSH antibodies)

true/false: type II hypersensitivity is always associated with cell or tissue injury

complement activation, opsonization with phagocytosis, antibody dependant cellular cytotoxicity

what are the MAIN (3) mechanisms of cellular destruction in type II hypersensitivities?

pemphigus, graves disease, myasthenia gravis

What are some examples of anti-receptor diseases causing type II hypersensitivities?

blood group incompatibility, anemia due to errythrocytotropic agents or drugs, autoimmune hemolytic anemia

What are the examples we have of type II hypersensitivities from immunohematologic disorders?

8, 5, dog errythrocyte antigen system (DEA)

Dogs have _____ blood types, _______ of which are considered major. The canine blood types are referred to as the ____________________

DEA 1

which DEA system is the most important?

true

true/false: natural antibodies to blood group antigens are rare in dogs which is why you get your one "free" blood donation and don't worry about cross matching as much

3, null, 1.1

the DEA system has _____ different antigens plus a _____ phenotype (the universal donor).

DEA ______ is dominant to the other DEA 1 alleles, but all three DEA 1 antigens are highly immunogenic

DEA4

A universal donor is a dog that has a "null" phenotype for all major blood group antigens except _________________

CALM TEMPERAMENT, less than 6, over 50 lbs, UTD on vaccines, no meds, flea and tick prevention, no blood born diseases,

Greyhounds

What traits should a good blood donor dog have?

And which dog breed has the highest null frequency?

false; there is no null phenotype in cats

True/false: cat blood types are either A, B or null

A, A, B, B, A

Cats have a simple AB system,

•Type ______ is dominant

•Most cats with Type _____ blood have low-titer, natural antibodies to Type ______ erythrocytes.

•ALL cats with Type ______ blood have high-titer, natural antibodies to Type _______ erythrocytes.

False; type A blood is way more common, but still should be checked because B has high titers to A

True/false: in cats, type B blood is ASTRONOMICALLY more common than type A, but you still HAVE to blood type because of the intense reaction that comes from A blood having high natural titers to B blood

siamese, burmese

there are no type B blood cats in what two breeds?

maine coon, DSH, DLH, manx

what cat breeds have populations with about 1-5% type B blood

himalayan, norwegian forest cats

which cat breeds have a population of about 6-10% type B blood

persian, scottish fold, abyssinian, sphynx, somali, birman

which cat breeds (name 3) have a population of like 11-25% type B blood

devon rex, british shorthait, cornish rex

which breeds of cat have 26-60% of their populations with type B blood?

(is a range that large useful?... be so fr right now)

A, C, Q

which blood systems are important in equine typing?

Aa; Aa and Qa; Aa and Qa, Ca

in equine blood typing:

Is Aa or A- more common?

Which antigens are highly immunogenic?

Natural antibodies to which alleles are OCCASIONALLY seen in horses that lack those antigens?

Natural antibodies to which alleles are COMMON in horses that lack those antigens?

11, 6, 16

Food animal blood typing is complex and we dont really worry about it

Cattle have ___#______ types,

Sheep have ______#_________ blood group systems

Pigs have __________________

MAJOR crossmatch

which type of crossmatch?

Testing the recipient's plasma for antibodies to the donor's red blood cells

HUGE TO KNOW

MINOR crossmatch

Which type of crossmatch?

Testing the donor's plasma for antibodies to the recipient's red blood cells

KNOW IT

true

true/false: Transfusion can give rise to a life-threatening type II hypersensitivity response.

carbohydrates, errythrocyte surface

The major immunogenetic barrier to transfusion is the structural polymorphisms of the _________________- on the _________________________.

prior exposure to foreign blood, naturally occurring antibodies

what two reasons would an animal have antibodies to a blood group?

neonatal isoerytholysis

What is it called when a newborn receives antibodies from its mother's colostrum that attack its own red blood cells, causing hemolytic anemia

mother and offspring, blood cell antigens inherited from the father

Neonatal isoerythrolysis is caused by a blood type incompatibility between who?

And requires that the mother is producing antibodies against what?

weakness/lethargy, jaundace, pal MM, rapid heart rate, dark red or brown urine, GI hemorrhage

What are some of the symptoms of NI (neonatal isoerythrolysis)?

Aa, Qa, A-, Q-,

A (or AB), B

NI occurs in a foal when an _________ or ________ foal nurses an ________ or ________ mare.

NI occurs in kittens when a Type _________ kitten nurses a queen with Type _________ blood