poop

Gap junctions are formed by ____ and allow the flow of the ____ fluid compartment between the two cells

-integral proteins-largest

-connexins-largest

while ur Phys Phriend group was discussing bonds in physiology, you heard one correctly state that

-oxygen (o2) is lipophillic and does not participate in hydrogen bonding

-hydrophobic bonding is not a type of covalent bonding

your phellow physer carmen oh correctly told you that

-the skin is a tissue that contains epithelial cells

-each organ is exclusive from other organ systems

-there are fewer tissue primary types that organs

based on numbers each found within a typical plasma membrane, which is a correct paring that ha a les abundant one then the more abundant one

-proteins-cholesterol

water striders (a type of insect) can "walk" along the top of mirror lake directly because of _____ allowing water to support their weight.

-noncovalent bonds

-partial charge attractions

-hydrogen bonds

dr scarlet sends samples of hepatocytes (liver cells) and beta cells (pancreatic cells) from patient X to the lab for analysis but forgets to label them with the cell type, just the patient name. The analysis from he lab allows Dr. S to still know which sample was from which source because, while their ___ were identical, their ____ were distinctly different.

-genomes-lipidomes

During last thursdays lecture, a student took GTA Sidneys pencil to take their own notes. Sidney correctly realized that this student was acting like a(n) ____ with her being a ____

-oxidant-healthy cell

-free radical-pathogen

which is a correct statement about the junctions

-cadherins help form desmosomes

-the mid sized fluid compartment can move around gap junctions

growth hormone realease is bu the anterior pituitary gland (located at the base of the brain) and causes changes in the liver and skeletal muscles. Consequently, you can correctly state that the growth hormone

-is not an autocrine

-is sent to non adjoining cells

brutus buckeye is feeling ill. to hopefully get better rest to recover sooner, he takes melatonin to help him sleep. Hearing afterwards about this action, you correctly tell brutus that he

-took an antioxidant

-extended how long he felt ill

for the communication methods _____ can correctly be combines because they are the only two that _____

paracrines and neurotransmitters- utilize the mid sized fluid compartment

(if says smallest that neither is correct)

which is a correct statement about junctions.2

both statements are correct.2

fascia is the term for a layer of connective cells that is fibrous and commonly found around muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. Fascia would best be described as

a tissue

which is a correct statement about the glycocalyx

-it is created by short chains of carbohydrates

-it is unique for most individuals

-it is typically only found on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane

dr gray notices that an image today of the cells in patient y's thymus gland are further away from each other than an image of those same cells taken last year. Dr g correctly expects that pateint y's

-collagen might be damaged

which is a correct statement about the autonomic nervous system

-independent of the subsystem, clusters of cell bodies are called ganglia

-it is a part of the efferent nervous system

which is a correct statement about receptor designs

- the inclusion of a separate receptor cell allows for greater adequacy

-the different designs have the afferent neuron doing a different number of jobs

afferent neurons are apart of the ____ side of the spinal cord and mainly protected by _____

dorsal-processes

your phellow physer carmen oh correctly engaged the upper levels of blooms to specifically compare the autonomic and somatic nervous system. correctly a created statement was that

-both are able to excite effectors

brutus buckeye was cleaning up in the shoes storeroom when he bumped in to a shelf that caused thousands of footballs to fall on top of him. convinced that he was going to effectively drown in footballs, his bronchioles ______ and his stomach _______

relaxed-releaxed

which is a correct pairing of brain part and that parts function

-midbrain-breathing

-forebrain-perception

the autonomic nervous system can be ____ and innervates ___ muscle

-inhibited-smooth

-inhibited-cardiac

which has a correctly ordered set of brain parts from newest to oldest

-cerebral cortex-hypothalamus-medulla

when activated, the parasympathetic nervous system will use ___ of our fluid compartments for its chemical signals and move the body ___ from steady state

only one-toward

Dr scarlets pateint X has experienced a stroke (loss of blood flow) that has damaged x's cerebral cortex. consequently, Dr S correctly expects to see patient x likely have difficulty being able to

-pick up a glass

-understand commands

which is a correct statement about the adrenal medulla

-it releases epinephrine

the ganglia need to have two locations so

-acetylcholine can be used at both preganglionic synapses.

(if says post then neither are correct)

Dr grays patient Y has ingested a toxin that prevents calcium from entering postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Consequently, Dr G correctly expects that patient Y will have

- action potentials in those neurons

-reduced endocrine release

(If says no AP or unchanged endocrine then neither are correct)

its neither or both. Its neither if it says NO APs and unchanged endocrine release. Both if it says APs and reduced endocrine release>

while on a serene camping trip, BAM! Phys Phab gracie was awakened by a loud sound outside her tent. She exiteed the tent to investigate and come face to face with a large black bear. She correctly realized that

-her circulatory system would be experiencing an increase in biogenic amines

-her ganglia nearest to her spine will be activated

which is a correct statement about the hypothalamus

-it is apart of the forebrain

(if says brainstem then neither are correct)

For a myelinated axon, action potentials can occur at ____ and a(n) ____ conduction velocity occurs.

-Nodes of ranvier-increased

-unmyelinated sections-increased

A threshold potential can occur in _____ cells when the correct ___ occurs

some-depolarization

which is a corect statement about saltatory conduction

-a good analogy is a burrowing owl moving through its tunnel from one tunnel entrance to another

-it includes areas with the membrane potential decreasing across the spam of that area.

An action potential is more likely to occur when

-the cell is already depolarized

-lidocane is not present

when an afferent neurons threshold potential is greatly exceeded, its ____ channels will immediately open and the amplitude of the action potential will be ____

sodium-unchanged

Which is a correct statement about the events of an action potential

- the impact on the Vm by potassium is larger than the impact by sodium

-all of the repolarization when the cells Vm is positive is an example of negative feedback

Phys Phab Evan borrowed the magic shrink ray, switched the size to setting "ion" and watched a huge influx of sodium in to a hepatocyte (liver cell). Which is a correct experience he might have had

-he saw a stimulatory stimulus

-he saw the cell depolarize

-he witnessed a graded potential

a mechanically gated channel for anion X is opened in a typical cell which has very little X within it. Consequently, you can correctly state that x will experience

possibly a net influx or outflux

while starting a roller coaster at kings island, brutus buckeye calmed himself by telling his ride mate this rise to the coasters peak is like a cell ___ and that the first descent (aka drop) will be like a cell_____

depolarizing-repolarizing

which is a correct action that could increase the strength of a synapse

-neither are correct

-the current membrane potential for both cells? (i crossed off being unchanged)

which is a correct statement about the membrane potential of a typical cell

-it is about -70 mV when at rest

-it is measured across the plasma membrane

which is a correct statement about the unidirectional propagation of action potential

-it can be caused by the outflux of too much potassium

-it can be caused by inactivators action preventing sodium movement across the membrane

(if says influx or closed channels then neither are correct)

-Dr scarlets patient X has ingested a toxin that blocks sodium channels. Consequently, Dr S correctly expects that patient X will have

-saltatory conduction being absent

-no action potentials reaching the spinal

(both correct but no may change to few so watch for that)

Which is a correct statement about graded potentials

-they are sometimes all or none events

-they do not require voltage gated channels to occur

which is a correct statement about an action potential while depolarizing and at a Vm that is positive

-the sodium channels are open

-the potassium channels are closed

(both are correct)

A ligand that is ______ can find its receptor in the _____ and usually requires the use of _______

-Hydrophillic-plasma membrane- second messengers

-hydrophobic-nucleus-plasma binding

Dr. Scarlet was given a sample from non-human heart. In comparison to a human heart, the sample has more electrical synapses. Consequently, Dr. S correctly states that the sample ___than a human heart.

-Has more messages moving i multiple directions

-will be utilizing fewer neurotransmitters

-has more messages dependent on cadherins

For a typical neuron, its ____ sends info and its ___ receives info

axon-dendrites

in the peripheral nervous system, myelin is produced by __ and cover ___ axon

schwann cells-only one

which is a correct statement about an afferent neuron

-some of its parts are within the peripheral nervous system

-it will be assisted by schwann cells

-it receives information from other cells via its axon terminal

the movement of ___ligands is ____ in the plasma and ____ across a plasma membrane without proteins

-hydrophobic-hindered-unhindered

-hydrophillic-unhindered-hindered

your fellow physer carmen oh and sibling, canvas, were debating physiology. Carmen stated that all membrane bound receptors must be transmembrane. Canvas stated that all integral proteins are membrane-bound receptors. when asked to verify these statements, you correctly determine that

-only carmen was correct

To release lipophobic paracrines, a cell will utilize ___ and its size will ____

exocytosis-increase

phys phab Abby pulled the magic shrink ray out of storage, switched the size setting to "protein" and shrunk herself. She entered a friend to watch the actions of an interneuron. Which is a correct experience she might have had

She watched some hydrophilic ligands bind to its membrane-bound receptors.

Which is a correct statement about the nervous system?

-The number of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems are not equal.

-. A neuron's dendrites never release neurotransmitters.

(if says sometimes or are equal than neither are correct)

Dr. Gray's Patient X has ingested a toxin that prevents differentiation into oligodendrocytes. Consequently, Dr. G. correctly expects that Patient X should have

-myelin missing in their brain

(if it says limbs than neither is correct)

Which of the following might be the response when a ligand binds to a receptor?

all three responses might occur

Activation of opioid receptors by natural opiates inhibit the brain's ability to receive pain messages. The drug morphine binds to the opioid receptors and acts as a pain killer. Which is a correct statement about morphine?

-both statements are correct (high affinity and agonist)

(if it says specificity though it is neither are correct)

Brutus Buckeye is investigating two cells (A and B). When he introduces a paracrine to both, Cell A shows a significantly larger response than Cell B. Brutus correctly states that this difference might be due to

-Cell A's receptors having higher affinity

(if it says specificity than neither statement)

Which is a correct statement about protein receptors?

both statements are correct,

(but if it says it can bind to that cell's intracellular receptor, then it is just B, Intracellular receptors cannot be endocytosed when messengers become too numerous.)

which is a correct statement about protein channels

-mechanically gates channels are opened when plasma membrane is stretched

-calcium channels only allow calcium to move through

-never require energy from critical equation 1 to power movement through them

Hot chocolate is essentially hot water with various compounds added to it. During this cold stretch, GTA Kristian developed his own, special salty-n-sweet hot chocolate. To 0.5 L of hot water, you add 40 mol cocoa, 10 mol glucose, and 5 mol salt. What is the osmolarity?

120

In a dream you have two of your red blood cells (RBCs). You place RBC 1 in a beaker of hypertonic plasma and RBC 2 in another beaker but with hypotonic plasma. You correctly predicted in your dream that, after a short while, RBC ____ will appear ____ than RBC ____.

-1- spikier-2

-2-bigger-1

-2-smoother-1

Secondary active transporters directly rely on _____ created by ____

concentration gradients-transporters

During a single cycle of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, _____ ATP(s) is/are used and ____ ion(s) is/are moved against a gradient

one-both

Dr.Scarlet has discovered a new cell. Experiments identify a protein that moves two different compounds across the membrane and directly utilizes ATPs energy. Dr. S correctly states that this protein

-could not be the sodium glucose transporter

-is creating gradients for both of the compounds

Road salt greatly increases the osmolarity of the nearby soil. Brutus Buckeye (offspring of a plant) correctly realizes that plants in this altered soil will ___ water ____ the soils which will result in those plants ____.

lose-to-dehydrating

Glycolysis and Krebs cycle make ATP via ____ method(s) and do so in ____ locations within the cell.

the same-different

Compound A has a higher concentration outside of a typical cell than within it. Which is a correct statement about the diffusion of Compound A?

-if it one the only solute present, teh cells osmolarity is lower than the interstitial fluid

- its diffusion will be from its area of higher concentration to lower concentration

Which is a correct statement about how an ion might move into a cell?

-it moved with a second compound so might have used a secondary active transporter

-it moved through a channel so its lower concentration must be within the cell

Which is a correct statement about movement across a plasma membrane?

-it sometimes occurs via integral proteins

-transporters are never open to both sides

Which is a correct statement about diffusion?

its rate will increase if the surface area between the two areas increases

(if it says decreases than neither are correct)

During a relaxing, slow jog around campus, Dr.Gray stopped off at the RPAC to workout his upper limbs with free weights. Between repetitions, Dr.G correctly realized that for both of these exercises

-he was directly powering the exercise by running our critical equation #1 in the forward direction

(if says 2 than neither)

During a recent sprint to lecture, Your Phellow Physer Carmen Oh had their muscles work anaerobic. On entering the lecture hall, they correctly realized that their ATP production was occurring.

-only via glycolysis

-only via substrate level phosphorylation

-only in their cytosis

Which is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

-it causes sodium to move against its gradient and out of the cell

-per complee single cycle, it transports more sodiums than potassiums

-it beings a cycle open to the largest fluid compartment

Which is a correct statement about human biorhythms?

they are always a feedforward process

(if it says often then neither are correct)

at a recent veterinary checkup, GTA Kristian's cat's vitals included a 101 degree temperature reading. As the vet reported that all vitals were appropriate for his cat, Kristan correctly realized that

-his cat is in steady state

-his cat is utilizing our critical equation #1 in the forward direction to have these vitals

-his cats body temperature is maintained by a homeostatic control system

utilizing our critical equation ______, we correctly know that an increasing amount of carboc dioxide in the blood will result in a _____ PH

3-decreasing

while working in the party room, you were asked to compare and contrast our Critical Equations. In accomplishing this task, you correctly realized that you were doing which level of blooms revised taxonomy

analyzing

Dr. Grey went for a dog walk at 2000 the last 2 nights. Each night the dog got frightened by the crowd of people near a local business. Tonight Dr. G is planning on dog walking at 1800 to be ahead of the crowd. This action is an example of

actually, none of these correctly describe Dr. Gs actions tonight

A metal mold was used to create delicious buckeyes (chocolate-coated peanut butter candies). Attempting to improve the results, the chocolatier increased the volume of peanut butter used in the mold. Consequently, you correctly realize this change caused the pressure in the molds to ______ and the

volume (V) in our Critical Equation to______

increase, be unchanged

Which is a correct statement about homeostatic control systems?

-they require trade offs across different systems

-they most typically return their parameter to set point

On a recent, frigid morning, Phys Phab Mia was shivering while walking to lecture. She correctly realized that her shivering to stay in _____ is an example of a physiology _______

Steady state- mechanism

UGTA Allison recently took a night-shift job. Consequently, she correctly knows that she will need to _______ to this change by shifting her circadian _______

acclimate - period

Phellow Physer Carmen Oh's hands got very cold walking to lecture yesterday morning. On arrival at the building, warm water was used to help raise their temperature. Carmen correctly realized that

- the warm water was a part of the negative feedback process

- wearing insulated gloves this morning was a feedforward process.

Dr. Scarlet has required Patient X to complete a "stress test" which involves running on a treadmill at increasingly difficult levels. At the end of the test, Patient X's body temp is elevated at 101.3. Dr S correctly realizes that patient X will utilize ____ pathway to regain typical body temperature

both afferent and efferent

Based on Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, in the assessments this term, you will be required to ________ the material by doing actions such as _____

-analyze- differentiate items in a set

-understand- paraphrase technical definition

Which is a correct statement about physiology?

-the physiology of humans is often not identical to the physiology of other organisms

When at a basketball game, Brutus Buckeye watched the equipment manager add air to some balls that visually appeared to already be fully inflated. He correctly told the fan sitting next to him that

-the volume of the ball was not being changed

(if saying its increased than neither are correct)

Which of our critical equations is/are reversible

only 1 and 3

3 multiple choice options

Still learning (14)

You've started learning these terms. Keep it up!

Which is a correct statement about lateral inhibition?

• it negatively impacts the intensity coding in the area

• it causes a decreases at varying levels to all of the afferent neurons involved

Phys phab zoey went shopping for a scarlet and gray striped shirt to wear at an upcoming buckeye game. While admiring her new purchase, she correctly stated that

• she was gathering the color information due to second receptor design system

• if she turned down the nearby lights, it would be more challenging for her to see red

What is the correct statement about the vestibular system

it utilizes calcium stones for some detections to occur

it is directly dependent on ability of an influx of calcium to occur

which is a correct statement about afferent neurons

they can be inhibited by both efferent and afferent neurons

their primary job is to send information to the cns

phys phab kensie recently had her ear buds maxed out while listening to her favorite artist some impressive high notes. She correctly realized that

her cochlear hair were bent more during the song than when the song ended\

she recognized this artist’s voice primarily due to its timbre

which is a correct statement about the somatosensory system

It does not utalize receptor cells before the afferent neurons

phellow physer carmen oh asked you to secretly touch her either once or simultaneously twice on the palm then on the shoulder. you correctly realized that carmen would be more likely to know that two simultaneous touches on the _____ due to the presence there of _____ receptive fields

palm-smaller

palm-more

while weightless on the international space station, dr. gray’s patient Y regularly finds that they are never confident that the floor below them instead of abover. Dr. Gray correctly realizes that

their utricle and saccule were not functioning properly

Dr. Scarelt;s patient X is red-green colorblind. Consequently, Dr. S correctly knows that Patient X

has difficulty correctly distinguishing more than just red and green, has a response to light wavelengths graph that has only two curves present for color