Chapter 30 Terms

denounced

Publically declared to be evil or wrong.

sealed off

America partly closed off its economy from the rest of the world, focusing on domestic issues and avoiding foreign influence.

Bolshevik Revolution

The 1917 Communist takeover in Russia, which fueled American fears of radicalism and sparked the Red Scare.

red scare

A period of intense fear and suspicion of communism and radicalism in the U.S. sparked by the Bolshevik Revolution and domestic attacks.

bomb shattered

Refers to the 1920 bombing on Wall Street that killed 38 people and intensified anti-radical and anti-immigrant sentiment.

the Buford

A ship used in 1919 to deport 249 alleged radicals from the U.S. to Russia.

criminal syndicalism laws

Laws passed in several states that banned people from supporting violence for social change.

vigorously prosecuted

Radicals and suspected individuals actively and forcefully pursued and tried in court under anti-radical laws.

American plan

A business strategy opposing unionized labor, advocating for an 'open shop' free of union control.

judicial lynching

Refers to the trial and execution of Sacco and Vanzetti, seen as an unfair legal process against radicals and immigrants.

Ku Klux Klan

A white supremacist group that reemerged in the 1920s, promoting anti-Black, anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, and anti-Semitic beliefs.

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Legislation that limited immigration by allowing only 3% of a nationality's population in the U.S. as of the 1910 census.

Immigration Act of 1924

Stricter law that reduced quotas to 2% based on the 1890 census, heavily restricting southern and Eastern European immigrants.

Exempt

Free from a rule or restriction; certain groups like Latin Americans and Canadians were not affected by U.S. immigration quotas.

isolated enclaves

Ethnic communities maintaining their own customs, language, and culture separated from broader American society.

Kallen's pluralism

Horace Kallen's idea that America should allow ethnic groups to maintain their distinct cultural identities.

Volstead Act

Legislation passed to enforce Prohibition under the 18th amendment.

high alcohol content

Refers to strong liquor that gained popularity during Prohibition.

noble experiment

A term describing Prohibition, indicating idealistic intentions behind banning alcohol.

shocking crimes

Rise in violent crimes and corruption escalated during Prohibition as gangs fought for control of illegal alcohol.

Racketeers

Individuals engaged in organized crime, often extorting businesses for protection money.

aviator-hero

A celebrated pilot who gained public admiration, exemplified by Charles Lindbergh.

public-health programs

Initiatives aimed at improving health standards and reducing diseases.

Fundamentalists

Religious conservatives who believed in a literal interpretation of the Bible.

Monkey Trial

The 1925 Scopes Trial where John Scopes was prosecuted for teaching evolution.

increased productivity

Gains in efficiency, especially in industrial manufacturing.

Fordism

Manufacturing philosophy emphasizing mass production using assembly lines.

agents of social change

People or technologies that prompted shifts in societal norms.

Virginous home life

The ideal of maintaining a morally upright family environment.

the miracle at Kitty Hawk

The first successful powered flight by the Wright brothers.

Guglielmo Marconi

An inventor credited with pioneering long-distance radio transmission.

station KDKA

The first commercial radio station in the U.S. based in Pittsburgh.

Thomas A. Edison

An American inventor known for his contributions to electric power and motion pictures.

Birth of a Nation

A 1915 silent film controversial for its racist portrayal of African Americans.

feminist Margaret Sanger

A pioneering advocate for birth control and women's rights.

racial pride

A sense of pride in one's racial heritage, promoted during the Harlem Renaissance.

UNIA

The Universal Negro Improvement Association, founded by Marcus Garvey.

Modernism

An artistic/literary movement questioning traditional ideals.

Great Migration

The movement of African Americans from the rural South to northern cities between 1916 and 1970.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem during the 1920s, celebrating African American culture.

Prohibition

The period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale, production, and transportation of alcohol were banned in the U.S.

Flapper

A young woman in the 1920s who defied traditional norms of behavior and dress by embracing a more liberated lifestyle.

New Deal

A series of programs and policies designed to promote economic recovery during the Great Depression introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Dust Bowl

A severe drought in the 1930s that damaged the ecology and agriculture of the U.S. Great Plains.

Social Security Act

A 1935 law that created a system of old-age benefits and insurance for the unemployed and disabled.

McCarthyism

A campaign against alleged communists in the U.S. during the early 1950s, characterized by heightened political repression.

Civil Rights Movement

A decades-long struggle for social justice aimed at ending racial discrimination and gaining equal rights for African Americans.

Baby Boom

The significant increase in birth rates from the late 1940s to the early 1960s, following WWII.

What is the significance of the 18th Amendment?

It established Prohibition, banning the sale, production, and transportation of alcohol in the U.S.

What were the effects of the Dust Bowl?

Severe droughts led to significant agricultural damage and displacement of farming families.

Who was Marcus Garvey?

A Jamaican activist who promoted African American pride and established the UNIA.

What role did the NAACP play in the Civil Rights Movement?

It fought for civil rights and racial equality through legal challenges and activism.

Define 'Harlem Renaissance'.

A cultural movement during the 1920s celebrating African American cultural, artistic, and intellectual life.

What was the purpose of the Social Security Act?

To provide financial assistance to the elderly, unemployed, and disabled.

Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?

Italian immigrants convicted in 1921 for murder, their trial highlighted issues of racial and political bias.

What was the American Plan?

A strategy opposing unionized labor, aimed at promoting an 'open shop' policy.

What was the Scopes Trial about?

A 1925 legal case challenging a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of evolution in schools.

What was the impact of the Great Migration?

It transformed urban demographics, as millions of African Americans moved from the South to northern cities.