apwh unit 6

ideologies motivating second wave of imperialism

1) nationalism (led to Italian unification, German unification)

2) scientific racism

3) social darwinism

4) civilizing mission

civilizing mission

a sense of duty that western industrial societies possessed to bring glory of their civilizations to lower societies (sent christian missionaries, reorganized colonial govs into western models, imposed western style education to suppress indigenous culture + language)

imperialism methods

1) state takeovers of private colonies (king Leopold the 2nd of Belgium snatched congo free state)

2) diplomacy and warfare in Africa

3) settler colonies (British did with New Zealand, Australia)

4) conquering neighboring territories (us with the louisiana purchase, MANIFEST DESTINY!!!!)

berlin conference

otto von Bismark calls European countries to split up Africa, trying to stop “scramble for Africa”

effect of Berlin conference

borders drawn in Africa dividing united ethnic groups and joining rival ones

example of warfare used in imperialism

france invading Algeria because of money they didn’t want to pay back

settler colonies

colony in which an imperial power claims an already inhabited territory and sends its own people to set up an outpost of their own society

pan slavism

unite all Slavic people under Russian authority, including those already living under ottoman and Austrian rule (had trading post in Vladivostok)

where did Japan expand their influence

korea, Manchuria, part of china

causes of resistance to imperialism

1) increasing questions about political authority

2) growing sense of nationalism

types of resistance

1) direct resistance (fighting using weapons)

2) creation of new states

3) religious rebellions

yaa Asantewaa war

british attempting to find gold stool to assert power, west Africans fought back!!!! they lost tho.

cherokee nation

cherokee establishing new territory in united states /w semi-autonomous government and a judicial system

indian removal act of 1835

US bill forcibly removing indigenous people from their territory, made them resettle in Oklahoma territory

xhosa cattle killing movement

british taking over kosa territory led to Xhosa prophet nongqawuse telling prophecy that slaughtering of cows would lead to new ones and europeans would leave their land

export economies

economies mostly focused on the export of raw materials or goods for distant markets

reasons europeans turned Africa into export economies

1) needed raw materials for industrial factories

2) need to supply food to growing urban centers

effects of economic development

1) profits from exports were used to purchase finished manufactured goods

2) growing economic dependence of colonial people on their imperial parents

economic imperialism

act of one state extending control over another state by economic means

treaty of nanjing

unfair treaty between china and Britain opening several new trading ports to Britain

taiping rebellion

religious movement among ethnic han people trying to get rid of ethnic Manchu rulers. didn’t work tho

second opium war

the french and the British fighting qing dynasty leading to more unequal treaties

port of Buenos aires

port in argentina funded by British for profit

commodity

any good that can be bought and sold on the market

cause of migration

1) demographic change

2) famine (Irish potato famine!!)

3) cheap transportation

4) voluntary for work (Irish, Italian, German, chinese to America)

5) coerced and semi-coerced labor (Atlantic slave trade, convict labor)

6) indentured servitude

effects of migration

1) gender imbalance

2) ethnic enclaves

3) nativism

ethnic enclave

geographic area with a high concentration of people of the same ethnicity and culture within a foreign culture

nativism

a policy of protecting the interests of native born people over against the interests of immigrants

chinese exclusion act

passed in the US to ban almost all Chinese immigration

white Australia policy

cut off flow of Asian immigrants to australia