CAFS

YR11 CAFS topic test revision

Wellbeing

The degree of satisfaction that an individual experiences when specific needs are met. It refers to an Individual's happiness and satisfaction with life.

Illbeing

an unhealthy, unhappy, or unprosperous condition

SPEECS

Social, Physical, Emotional, Economical, Cultural, Spiritual

Social

Factors relating to interaction with other people

Physical

Factors relating to physical health and safety

Emotional

Factors related to feelings

Economical

Factors relating to finance

Cultural

Factory relating to customs, beliefs, and traditions

Spiritual

Factors relating to morals and/or religious areas

Needs

the things we require in order to survive, feel a part of society and achieve optimal well-being; food, shelter, clothes, etc

Wants

things we would like to have or do that we believe will help us to maintain optimal well-being; newest technology, specific materislic item, etc

SHESEA

Safety and security, Health, Education, Sense of identity, Employment, Adequate standard of living

Safety and security

Our essential desire to feel protected and safe from threats (e.g. Children relying on their parents for protection)

Health

How stable we are physically, emotionally spiritually, socially, and financially (e.g. A diabetic having access to sugar and insulin) 

Education

The learning stages we progress through as we age. Our education ranges from the basic skills we develop when we are children to primary and secondary school or higher education (e.g. kindergarten, primary, secondary, university, TAFE, apprenticeships)

Sense of identity

Understanding ourselves as individuals, including what we believe in characteristics are unique to us and what is important to us (e.g. hobbies, career, sexuality, personality)

Employment

Our attainment of paid work so we can support ourselves and possibly other people (e.g. part-time, casual, retail, social work)

Adequate standard of living

Our most basic of needs for survival, including food, clothing and shelter, without which our quality of life will greatly diminish and our well-being will be consequently reduced

Maslow’s hierachy of needs

Model to explain people's needs/behaviours

* If a person's lower-order needs are not met, it is unlikely that he or she will be concerned about meeting high-order needs.
* Not static and individuals will move up and down the hierarchy depending on their needs at dierent times of their lives.
* For example, a person gets lost in the bush; they are more concerned about finding food and shelter than admiring the view or writing a poem to explain how they're feeling.

Goals

Goals are the objectives that we aim for in life. They are the targets that direct an individual's activities and energies and often reflect the values and needs of individuals and families. Both individuals and groups set goals to satisfy their needs and wants.

To make sure your goals are clear and reachable, each one should be

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound

How do goals enhance wellbeing

When individuals and families make progress on achieving goals, here is an intrinsic reward and sense of satisfaction. These positive emotions have the potential to further motivate goal-directed behaviour and actions which can continue to increase well being levels.

Resources

Resources may be defined as the things people use to achieve goals and/or assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively.

Human resources

* Energy
* Knowledge
* Intelligence
* Sight
* Language
* Skill
* Abilities
* Motivation

Non-human resources

* Food
* Clothing
* Money
* Electricity
* Shelter

Human and non-human resources

Even though a person might have many non-human resources, they might have a very low level of human resources. For example, a man might be rich because he has won the lottery and so is able to provide food, clothing, shelter, money and electricity for himself, but he might not be motivated, intelligent, or knowledgeable. 

Interchangeable resources

Resources have a variety of uses and individuals must decide how to best use them. For example, a teacher earns a salary and may choose to use potential savings to employ a house cleaner. In this way, one person’s money buys someone else's time. The interchangeability of resources is where one resource can be exchanged for another. E.g. young people might use their energy (a resource) to do household chores so that they can earn pocket money (another resource). Part of managing resources effectively is knowing which resources are interchangeable. 

Sustainable resources

Resources are consumed by all of us every day, some of us choose to overuse the resources we have available to us and some people choose to wisely conserve their resources. Resource sustainability is all about the responsible management of resources. It requires people to appreciate the non-renewable nature of many resources, especially those in the environment. To ensure the health and survival of the environment for current and future generations, natural resources must be used very carefully.

Informal networks

An informal support network comprises family members, friends and acquaintances that help

individuals and groups unofficially, and might be identifiable in family and peer groups. People use them in order to be less reliant on formal support networks for help and often find their members easier than strangers to confide in about personal problems.

Formal networks

A formal support network comprises a number of organisations and community groups that are external to the individual or family and are there to help individuals deal with and cope with change. It supports individuals and groups in a number of ways, both monetary and non-monetary.

GAS CD

Gender, Age, Socioeconomic status, Culture, Disability

Gender

Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity.

Age

The length of time a person has lived or a thing has existed

Socioeconomic status

A way of describing people based on their education, income, and type of job (e.g. low, medium, or high status)

Culture

The ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular people or society. The attitude and behavioural characteristics of a specific social group

Disability

A physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movement, sense, or activities (e.g. loss of limb, loss of vision/hearing, loss of hearing)

Personal management skills

An individual's ability to control one's attitudes, behaviours and motivations people will well-developed management skills contribute positively to the groups and environments that they engage with, such as family, school, home, work and leisure groups. Skills need to be developed in resource management so we can

* Meet our needs and wants
* Achieve goals
* Communicate effectively
* Solve problems and make decisions
* Improve ability to cope with change

Communication

The method by which one shares their ideas, information, opinions and feelings. It is used to maintain relationships between individuals and groups

4 components of communication

1. The sender- the source of the message who encodes the
message
2. The receiver- the destination of the message and who decodes the message.
3. The message- has the symbols that have meaning for the
sender and receiver
4. The medium- he means by which the message is transmitted (by telephone, mobile phone, email, instant message) and in what environment, (eg. social or public)

Verbal communication

Communication through the use of sounds and words; that is, oral or written language. This needs to be understood by both the sender and receiver in order to be communicated eectively. (talking, singing, SMS, email, letters, faxes and signs)

Non-verbal communication

Communication through physical actions and body language. (gestures, facial expressions, eye contact posture, body movement and proximity to others). Non-verbal communication is powerful in which it usually accompanies verbal communication in correct matters.

Effective communication

Clear, concise and positive messages \n Purposeful message \n Assumption free (imagine the receiver has no prior knowledge) \n Sensitivity to the receiver's age, culture, background, gender \n and time available \n Feedback used to clarify \n Non-verbal communication supports the message \n Appropriate medium used \n Conducive environment for communication (for example, \n quiet, comfortable)

Ineffective communication

Characteristics of Ineffective communication

Long, complex and negative messages \n Meaningless or trivial message \n Technical language, jargon and slang used in the message \n Generic messages \n Lack of feedback \n Negative or neutral non-verbal Inappropriate medium selected \n Difficult environment to communicate in (for example, \n noisy, crowded

Decision-making

The process of making choices or reaching conclusions based on considering the alternatives available.

Decision making styles

Hesitant, Impulsive, Confident, Intuitive, Rational

Hesitant

Delaying the decision-making because you cannot decide or lack the confidence or are uncertain of the outcomes

Impulsive

Little thought given to consequences of actions. First thing that ‘pops’ into your head

Confident

Self-assured. Knowing the best decision has been made irrespective of consequences.

Intuitive

Decisions based on ‘gut’ reaction or feelings

Rational

Thinking out all scenarios before making a decision.

Factors that influence decision making

Access to resources, complexity of the problem, past experiences and personal values, attitudes to change

Access to resource

Alternatives are often restricted by the resources available

Complexity of the problem

When a problem is complex, this usually makes it harder to make a decision. When a problem is simple, the decision does not usually impact greatly on other people or resources so choosing an alternative is easier

Past experiences and personal values

Past experiences influence the decision we make because we have learnt from the outcomes of those experiences Personal values influence our decisions in the sense that we base our decisions on what we feel is important to us

Attitude to change

Some individuals cope better with change than others. If a person does not like change or doesn't cope well with it they may make decisions that avoid change

Simple decisions

Require a small amount of time and effort to solve. They rarely have negative effects on people's well-being, and they can occur quite regularly

Complex decisions

Generally require a significant amount of time and effort to solve. They often have a significant effect on people's well-being, and they often do not occur on a day-to-day basis