Posner et Peterson Paper

First concept of attention system

anatomically separate from processing systems and decision making

Second concept of attention system

utilizes a network of anatomical regions

Third concept of attention system

anatomical areas carry out different functions

Moruzzi & Magoun (1949)

role of the brain stem reticular system in maintaining alertness

concept of arousal evolved since Moruzzi & Magoun’s work

divided into more differentiated components as neuromodulatory systems of the brain stem and thalamus

main focus of arousal research?

Producing and maintaining optimal vigilance and performance during tasks (alertness)

phasic alertness

temporary increase in alertness produced by a warning signal before a target event.

warning signal affect reaction time

improves reaction time by speeding orienting and responding, not info

tonic alertness

Long-term fluctuations in alertness, studied via circadian rhythms or sustained vigilance tasks

circadian rhythms affect tonic alertness

Reaction times slowest early morning, improve during the day, worsen at night, and peak again early morning; linked to body temperature and cortisol.