creative non fiction

Non-fiction

are based on facts and author's opinions about a subject, could be biographies, articles from textbooks, newspaper and magazine articles.

Non-fiction

The purpose of the writing is to inform and sometimes persuade.

Non-fiction

it is a hybrid of nonfiction components and literary features which are done in essay form and story form with setting, rhetorical patterns, characterization, concepts, facts (not just beauty of words), and researched truths.

Imaginary, Characters, People, Animals, Objects, Plot, Setting, Conflict, Resolution, Theme

Features of Fiction

Real, People, Events, Ideas, Fact, Organization, Style

Features of Non-Fiction

Plot, Structure, Characterization, Theme, Setting, Point of View, Style, Symbol, Allegory and Fantasy, Humor and Iron

Elements of Fiction

Personal Essay

The writer uses information that is based on personal experience or a single event, which leads in significant personal meaning or a lesson learned that he encountered. The writer uses the first person "I."

Memoir

The writer creates a real story within a time or period of life, one that contributed a significant personal meaning and truth. The writer uses the first person "I" in the story.

Autobiography

The writer writes his/her own life story, from birth to the present, using the first person “I”.

Travel Writing

is a specific nonfiction genre where the writer describes a location and its people, customs, and culture.

Food Writing

is a genre of writing that focuses on food and includes works by food critics, food journalists, chefs and food historians.

Profile

It is a written portrait of a person. Often, it is published as a narrative nonfiction article in a newspaper, magazine, or website.

Profile

The story is based on facts discovered through research as well as interviews with the subject and their friends, family, or professional associates.

Literary Techniques

are specific, deliberate construction and use of language to convey meaning. Oftentimes, these techniques are indirectly or implicitly used in a text.

LITERARY TECHNIQUES

definite and intentional use of words that the authors use to convey message of the text.

Creative License

It is a technique in creative nonfiction wherein the author exaggerates or alters the objective realities for the purpose of enhancing and carifying the meaning in the context of fiction.

Figures of Speech

These techniques are also related to figurative language wherein the intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words.

Symbolism

The use of objects or images to represent ideas not only in fiction but also in nonfiction is called symbolism. A symbol is something that is tangible and visible and the idea that it symbolizes is abstract although the meaning sometimes may vary.

Imagery

It refers to the use of vivid and descriptive language to add depth to the writing. It creates mental images in the readers' mind.

Kenning

It two words are combined in order to form a poetic expression that refers to a person or a thing; are most commonly found in Old Norse and Old English poetry.

Parallelism

It is a use of similar or identical language, structures, events, or ideas in different parts of a text.

Foreshadowing

Where future events in a story, or perhaps the outcome, are suggested by the author before they happen. It can take many forms and be accomplished in many ways, with varying degrees of subtlety.

Flashback

It interrupts the chronological order of the main narrative to take a reader back in time to the past. events in a character's life. A writer uses this literary device to help readers better understand present-day elements in the story or learn more about a character.

Sound Device

are literary elements used in prose and poetry to stress certain sounds and create musical effects.

Humor

It is a literary tool that makes audiences laugh, or that intends to induce amusement or laughter.

Theme

Green (2018) defined it as a thread that runs throughout a whole book. In a literary text, it is the broader message of the story. In nonfiction informational texts, the central ideas are the most essential ideas.

Good vs. Evil

a theme that's particularly common in fantasy series. It doesn't need much explaining; books that explore this theme generally feature a battle between good and evil, in which good usually (but not always) triumphs.

Love

is one of the most universal themes in literature, as in life. In fact, the theme of it is under pins many of the stories we've discussed so far. Love can be a force for good that inspires people to sacrifice themselves for others, or a toxic force that drives people to madness or violence.

Courage and Heroism

Tales of heroism and courage in the face of adversity have been popular for hundreds, if not thousands of years. In fact, one of the most widely used story structures in the world is something called the hero's journey.

Coming of Age

Also known as a bildungsroman, follows one or more characters during their journey of growing up into adulthood. These characters may experience everything from a loss of innocence, to an awakening or self-awareness before finally reaching maturity. While coming of age stories are popular in young adult literature, they re also common in memoirs.

Revenge

A common plot in literature, the theme of it sets up a conflict between one character and his or her enemies as he or she journeys to avenge wrongs done to them. A revenge story may depict the trials a character must endure in order to achieve their vengeance or, explore the human cost and moral diemas around pursuing vengeance in the first place.

Characters

A person responsible for the thoughts and actions within a story, poem or drama.

Flat

When they are defined by a single idea of quality and does not change too much from the start of the narrative to its end.

Round

When they possess the complexity of real people

Protagonist

The main character with whom the reader is meant to identify

Antagonist

The character who opposes the main character, also the counterpart to the main character and source of a story's

Freytag's Pyramid

is named after the German playwright of the 1800s, Gustav Freytag, and has the five-part plot structure which includes the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and denouement, also known as resolution.

Exposition

Beginning of the story; characters, setting, and main conflict introduced

Rising Action

Where the main character is in crisis and events leading up to facing the conflict begin to unfold

Climax

Peak of the story where a major event occurs and the main character faces a major enemy, fear, challenge, or other source of conflict

Falling Action

Where the story begins to slow down and work towards its end, tying up loose ends

Denouement or Resolution

Concluding paragraph that resolves any remaining issues and ends the story

Point-of-view

refers to the identity of the narrative voice. It is the person or entity through whom the reader experiences the story.

Third-person

Here a narrator describes what is seen but as a spectator.

Second-person

Using the pronoun you to narrate the story

First-person

When we are seeing events through the eyes of the character telling the story

Conflict

Is a struggle between opposing forces which is the driving force of a story.

Man vs Man

The typical scenario between the protagonist and antagonist

Man vs Nature

Where the character is tormented by natural forces such as storms or animals

Man vs Self

Where the conflict develops from the protagonist's inner struggles, and may depend on a character trying to decide between good and evil or overcome self-doubts

Man vs Society

Where a character must take on society itself, stands at odds and realizes the necessity to work against these norms

Man vs Fate

Where a protagonist is working against what has been foretold for that person

Angle

Involves the scope and focus in writing about real events.

Setting

The geographical location and time period in which a story takes place.

Symbol

is a person, place or thing that represents an abstract idea or concept that stands for something beyond itself.

Symbolism

Is the use of animals, elements, things, place or colors to represent other

Irony

The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

Dialogue

A written composition in which two or more characters are represented as conversing.

Scene

A dramatic presentation of events which involves good description, character, and dialogue.

Assonance

Is the repetition of vowel sounds within words.

Consonance

Refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase which often takes place in quick succession.

Onomatopoeia

Is a word that conveys the sound of something. Sounds are spelled out as words, or when words describing sounds actually sound like the sounds they describe.

Rhyme

Is a repetition of similar sounding words, occurring at the end of lines in poems or songs.

Rhythm

Is the pattern of stressed and unstressed beats.

Imagery

Appeals to the reader's physical senses motivating strong and distinct mental images of what the writer is trying to show.

Stanza

za a smaller unit or group of lines in poetry.

Symbolism

happens when something is used to represent something else, such an idea or concept.Writers use symbols as objects to represent a non-literal meaning.

Dialogue

Is the stance where characters speak to one another.