Microbiology Lecture Notes

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about bacteria and microorganisms.

Gram negative bacteria

Bacteria that do not have a peptidoglycan layer, have porin proteins in their plasma membrane and never possess techoic acids.

95 C

A temperature that would most likely kill E. coli

Gram negative bacteria

Bacteria that do not have a peptidoglycan layer, have porin proteins in their plasma membrane and never possess techoic acids.

95 C

A temperature that would most likely kill E. coli

Chemoautotrophic bacteria

Chemoautotrophic bacteria use hydrogen sulfide for their energy source and carbon dioxide as a carbon source.

Phylogenetic relationship

The pair most related phylogenetically is Archaea/ domestic cat.

Pathogenic Microorganism

A pathogenic microorganism would be classified as a mesophile.

Internal prokaryotic cell structures

Structures that exist or form INTERNAL to the prokaryotic cell wall, EXCEPT: mitochondria.

Streptobacillus

Rod-shaped bacteria arranged end to end in a chain are called streptobacillus.

Streptomyces

A gram-positive bacterium with a filamentous growth pattern used in preparing antibiotics is Streptomyces.

Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria are phototrophs.

Treponema

A gram-negative, non-photosynthetic, spiral-shaped bacterium with an axial filament is Treponema.

Gram positive cells

Gram-positive cells have multiple layers of peptidoglycan that help retain the crystal violet dye.

Cell Wall

The cell wall protects the cell when it is in a hypotonic environment, and stops it from bursting.

Facultative Anaerobes

Organisms that prefer using oxygen for respiration but can continue to grow when in an anaerobic environment are called facultative anaerobes.

Nitrogen Fixation

Nitrogen fixation involves the conversion of nitrogen gas to biologically usable products.

Phylogenetic relationship

The pair most related phylogenetically is Animal/amoeba

E. Coli

E. coli would be classified as a mesophile.

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration requires an inorganic terminal electron acceptor and only prokaryotes can do it.

Domain Archaea

An organism that prefers growth at 100 degrees C would be classified as Domain Archaea

Bacterial Flagella

Bacterial flagella superficially resemble eukaryotic cilia.

Ribosome

The only eukaryotic organelle that is not a membrane bound compartment is the Ribosome

Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls.

Bacterial Cell Chromosomes

A typical bacterial cell has 1 chromosome.

Streptococci

Bacteria that are spherical and arrange themselves in chains are called streptococci.

Photosynthetic Cells

Photosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms (and also plants) contain mitochondria.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Archeabacteria would NOT be expected to have ribosomes present on a rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Cell Growth

As a cell grows larger, the volume increases much more quickly than the surface area.

Escherichia

Escherichia would be expected to have a peptidoglycan cell wall with an outer membrane.

Eukaryotic Cells

Chloroplasts are found in EUKARYOTIC CELLS ONLY.

Gram Positive Cell Walls

Gram positive cell walls contain more peptidoglycan layers than Gram negative cell walls.

Phototroph

A phototroph uses sunlight as its energy source.