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30 Terms

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Health Psychology

A subfield of psychology that uses psychological and behavioral principles to study health, illness, and health care.

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Stress

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events that we appraise as threatening or challenging.

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Distress

Stress interpreted as detrimental.

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Eustress

Stress interpreted as beneficial or motivating.

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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Selye proposed this concept as the body's adaptive response to stress, which has three phases: Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.

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Phase 1: Alarm Reaction

The body detects stress and initiates the fight or flight response.

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Phase 2: Resistance

Physiological indicators remain high as the person tries to cope with stressors.

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Phase 3: Exhaustion

With no relief from the stressor, the body’s resources are depleted, leading to burnout.

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Physiological Effects of Stress

High blood pressure, tension headaches, and weakened immune system are examples of stress's negative impacts.

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Traumatic Stressors

These tend to have more severe negative effects compared to other styles of stressors.

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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

A category of traumatic stressors that can significantly impact a child's development.

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Tend-and-Befriend Theory

The idea that people, especially women, respond to stress by seeking social connections and nurturing behavior.

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Coping Strategies

Techniques used to manage or alleviate stress.

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Positive Psychology

The study that seeks to identify and promote factors that lead to human flourishing.

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Subjective Well-Being (SWB)

A self-assessment of one’s happiness and life satisfaction.

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Resilience

The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; emotional strength.

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Posttraumatic Growth

The positive change that occurs as a result of the struggle with a major life crisis or a traumatic event.

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Character Strengths

The personal attributes that contribute to well-being and positive functioning.

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Maladaptive behaviors

Behaviors that are counterproductive and ineffective in managing stress.

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Biopsychosocial Model

An approach that integrates biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in understanding psychological disorders.

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Diathesis-Stress Model

A framework for understanding how genetic predispositions and stressors interact to produce psychological disorders.

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Person-First Language

A preferred way of discussing psychological disorders that emphasizes the person rather than the disorder.

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Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Conditions associated with central nervous system functioning that begin during the developmental period.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Characterized by difficulties in social communication and the presence of repetitive behaviors.

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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A disorder marked by ongoing problems with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.

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Anxiety Disorders

Characterized by excessive fear and anxiety that disrupts daily life.

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Panic Disorder

Marked by recurrent panic attacks that occur unexpectedly.

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Social Anxiety Disorder

Intense fear of social situations where the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny.

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Specific Phobia Disorder

An overwhelming, persistent fear of a specific object or situation that leads to avoidance.

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Characterized by excessive worry that spans over months and negatively affects daily functioning.