immunity and blood composition

red blood cells are called

erythrocytes

white blood cells are called

leukocytes

what are platelets called

thrombocytes

where are blood cells made

in the bone marrow

life span RBC

120 days and get decomposed in the liver and are excreted as bile pigments

where are extra blood cells stored

in the SPleen

when a red blood cell matures, it gets

enucleated - nucleas is removed

this is to increase surface area so the blood cell can hold more hemoglobin

what does hemoglobin do

an iron containing protein which binds to oxygen

anemia

insufficient erythrocytes or hemoglobin defficiency

life span of leukocytes

5-20 days (lasting as long as infection)

what are white blood cells for

the immune system’s response systeje e

what are thrombocytes

platelets - fragments of cells that form bigger cells when cells in the bone marrow break apart (1 massive cell broken down into many smaller cells to form again when needed)

platelets

aid in blood clotting

how long do thrombocytes live for

2-8 days

blood composition percentages

55% plasma

1% white blood cells and platelets

44% red blood cells

fluid portion of blood

plasma

formed (solid) portions of blood

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

what cells double when your body is fighting an infecion

white blood cells

functions of blood

• transport hormones (throughout the body), nutrients: vitamins and minerals, gases (between lungs and tissue), and wastes (from cells)

• blood clotting

• homeostatic regulation

how are blood clots formed

when blood vessel is broken, it sends substances (in the plasma) to attract platelets to the site. platelets circulating your blood rupture and release chemicals and combine with other blood components to make an enzyme called thromboplastic.

thromboplastin and prothombin (plasma protein) makes thrombin (enzyme)

thrombin + fibrinogen = fibrin

what is fibrin

insoluble strands that form mesh around the damages area which traps blood cells.

what is homeostatic regulation

what the body does to maintain a consistent internal temperature

vasodilation

when the body’s internal environment gets too warm, the nervous system stimulates the blood vessels close to the skin to dilate (heat dissipates across skin)

the body cools itself and warms itself by

cools - sweating

warms - shivering

what is needed in making fibrin

Ca (calcium) is needed for thrombin composition

vasoconstriction

when blood vessels near the skin constrict to minimize heat dissipating across skin

blood can be shunted (redirected) from..

Artery to Vein, bypassing the capillaries. this is through small sphincters.

why can you shunt blood from artery to vein

to control the amount of blood through the body at any given time

ex. our blood moves to our tissue in arms and legs when working out, with more blood pumping in the arms and legs and less blood pumping in the digestive system

what is the lymphatic system for

network of vessels with glands (synthesize substances) and nodes (masses of tissue)

have 1 way valves like veins do

all nodes for fighting off diseases

red bone marrow

thymus

spleen

inguinal/axillary lymph nodes

thymus gland

site of t-cell maturation

spleen

stores red blood cells and contains monocytes

what are monocytes

cells that come before macrophages

red bone marrow

site of red and white blood cells and platelet production

axillary and inguinal lymph nodes

axillary - upper body

inguinal - lower body

fluid of lymphatic vessels

lymph - fluid that surrounds cells

lymph has an

end, unlike the circulatory system

functions of the lymphatic system

1. balance fluids in the body

2. transport products of fat from the small intestine to the bloodstream

3. help defend against pathogens (create the defense)

how does the lymphatic system balance fluids

• some blood plasma converts into lymph

• carry instersitital fluids to ducts that empty into large veins near the heart (to get cycled)