11 Hydration, Thermoregulation, Gastric Emptying Principles_updated

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23 Terms

1

Euhydration

Normal body water content within homeostatic range.

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2

Dehydration

The process of dynamic loss of body water, e.g., the transition from euhydration to hypohydration.

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3

Rehydration

The process of dynamic gain of body water through fluid intake, e.g., the transition from hypohydration to euhydration.

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4

Hypohydration

A state of body water deficit.

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5

Hyperhydration

A state of body water excess.

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6

Total Body Water (TBW)

Approximately 50-70% of body mass, calculated as ~0.73 x fat free mass.

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7

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

Hormone released by the posterior pituitary promoting water conservation by increasing plasma volume.

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8

Aldosterone

Hormone released by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium reabsorption in kidneys to increase plasma volume.

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9

Sweat Rate

Rate at which sweat is produced, approximately 1-2 L/h.

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10

Hyponatremia

Low blood sodium that can occur from excessive water intake, leading to symptoms such as confusion and possible brain swelling.

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11

Fluid Balance Control

Mechanisms that allow the body to retain or excrete body water, monitored by osmoreceptors and volume receptors.

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12

Hypertonic Blood

Blood with relatively high concentrations of sodium, protein, or glucose which can draw water out of cells.

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13

Gastric Emptying Factors

Factors influencing the rate at which the stomach empties its contents, including gastric volume and exercise intensity.

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14

Urine Color as Hydration Indicator

Urine color can be used to assess hydration status, with darker urine indicating hypohydration.

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15

Sodium's Role in Fluid Balance

Sodium controls water movement between fluid compartments and stimulates thirst to maintain proper hydration.

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16

Fluid Loss During Exercise

Includes loss through sweat, urine, and respiration, critical to monitor for maintaining hydration.

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17

Pelvic Fluid Volume

Refers to the total volume of fluid (water and electrolytes) in the body's compartments, affecting hydration status.

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18

Rehydration Recommendations

After exercise, it is advised to replace 20-24 oz of fluid for every pound lost to restore hydration.

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19

Monitoring Hydration Status

Methods include tracking urine color, body mass changes, and specific gravity to assess hydration levels.

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20

Thirst Sensation Deferment

Thirst is often a poor indicator of hydration needs, typically arising only after significant body water loss.

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21

Effects of Dehydration on Performance

Dehydration can impair heat removal, increase cardiovascular strain, and decrease cognitive functions.

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22

Effects of Hyperhydration

Can lead to dilution of sodium concentration in blood and might result in cellular edema.

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23

Hydration Assessment Before Exercise

Includes checking for thirst, urine color, and body mass changes to determine hydration needs.

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