LEQ 1

Ch 4 LEQ Prompt: Analyze how Salutary Neglect influenced American society.

THESIS: Salutary neglect influenced society by allowing the habit of Voice in Legislative Assemblies, fostering Capitalism in Commerce, and encouraging Choice in Religion, creating an independent identity that clashed with later imperial control.

Ch 4 Body Para 1: Legislative Assemblies

TS: Neglect allowed colonists to develop the habit of Voice in governance. Evidence: House of Burgesses, Power of the Purse, Town Meetings. Analysis: Because Britain was absent, colonists habituated themselves to self-rule, believing their local assemblies held sovereign power equal to Parliament.

Ch 4 Body Para 2: Commerce

TS: Neglect influenced Commerce by allowing the habit of Capitalism to bypass Navigation Acts. Evidence: Triangular Trade, Smuggling (Molasses), John Hancock. Analysis: The lack of enforcement allowed merchants to prioritize profit over imperial law, creating an expectation of economic freedom.

Ch 4 Body Para 3: Religion

TS: Neglect influenced Religion by fostering Choice and diversity outside the Anglican Church. Evidence: First Great Awakening, George Whitefield, "Old Lights vs New Lights." Analysis: Without a strong imposed state church, colonists exercised Choice in their faith, challenging traditional authority structures.

Ch 5 LEQ Prompt: Analyze the effectiveness of the Articles of Confederation.

THESIS: The Articles were effective in managing Western Lands (Order), but ineffective in Economic Conditions and Foreign Relations because the government was paralyzed by the fear of centralized power (Choice to avoid tyranny).

Ch 5 Body Para 1: Western Lands (Effective)

TS: Effective in Western Lands by establishing a system of orderly expansion. Evidence: Northwest Ordinance of 1787, Land Ordinance of 1785, Prohibition of Slavery in NW Territory. Analysis: Successfully exercised authority to create a method for new states to enter the union on equal footing (Merit/Order).

Ch 5 Body Para 2: Economic Conditions (Ineffective)

TS: Ineffective regarding Economic Conditions due to lack of power to tax/regulate trade. Evidence: Shays' Rebellion, Post-war Depression, lack of standard currency. Analysis: The habit of prioritizing state sovereignty (Choice) over national power prevented solving debt crises.

Ch 5 Body Para 3: Foreign Relations (Ineffective)

TS: Ineffective in Foreign Relations; lacked a unified voice. Evidence: British occupation of frontier forts, closure of Mississippi by Spain, Barbary Pirates. Analysis: Without a strong executive, foreign powers exploited internal divisions (lack of National Power).

Ch 6 LEQ Prompt: Discuss the controversies of the Alien and Sedition Acts.

THESIS: Controversies developed because Federalist attempts to consolidate State vs. National Power and suppress the Minority vs. Majority Faction clashed with Republican belief in Voice, exacerbated by Foreign Relations tensions.

Ch 6 Body Para 1: State vs. National Power

TS: Controversy over State vs. National Power; Republicans believed Acts violated Constitution. Evidence: Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, Nullification Theory, Compact Theory. Analysis: Jefferson/Madison argued states had the right (Choice) to judge constitutionality, challenging Federalist power expansion.

Ch 6 Body Para 2: Minority vs. Majority Faction

TS: Controversy regarding Minority vs. Majority Faction; Federalists sought to silence opposition. Evidence: Arrest of Republican editors, Sedition Act, Matthew Lyon. Analysis: The Federalist majority tried to destroy the "Voice" of the minority, fearing opposition was treasonous.

Ch 6 Body Para 3: Foreign Relations

TS: Fueled by Foreign Relations (fear of foreign influence). Evidence: Quasi-War with France, XYZ Affair, Alien Act. Analysis: Federalists used fear of France to restrict the "Voice" of immigrants/Republicans, framing them as dangerous agents.

Ch 7 LEQ Prompt: To what extent was the era consistent with Jefferson's vision?

THESIS: Only partially consistent; maintained consistency in reducing Debt and Military, but inconsistent regarding State vs. National Power and Economic Vision due to practical realities forcing Capitalism and expansion.

Ch 7 Body Para 1: Debt & Military (Consistent)

TS: Consistent with vision regarding Debt and Military (limiting government). Evidence: Albert Gallatin, reduction of standing army, repeal of Whiskey Tax. Analysis: Successfully implemented "Laissez-Faire" ideals by reducing the government's footprint/burden on the common man.

Ch 7 Body Para 2: State vs. National Power (Inconsistent)

TS: Inconsistent regarding State vs. National Power; exercised immense federal authority. Evidence: Louisiana Purchase, Embargo Act, Loose Constructionism. Analysis: To secure the agrarian future (Choice), he bypassed "Strict Constructionist" habits and used federal power aggressively.

Ch 7 Body Para 3: Economic Vision (Inconsistent)

TS: Inconsistent with Economic Vision; nation drifted toward industrialization. Evidence: Tariff of 1816, Second Bank of US, rise of textile mills. Analysis: War of 1812 forced the nation to adopt "Capitalism" and manufacturing to ensure national survival, despite agrarian dreams.

Ch 9/12 LEQ Prompt: To what extent was it the era of the "common man"?

THESIS: Lived up to it in Politics (expanding Voice of white males), but failed in Reform Movements regarding Women’s Rights and Abolitionism (Minority Factions), as the "common man" was strictly limited by race/gender.

Ch 9/12 Body Para 1: Politics (Lived Up)

TS: Lived up to characterization in Politics by expanding Voice. Evidence: Universal White Male Suffrage, Nominating Conventions, Spoils System. Analysis: Broke the elite monopoly, allowing the "common man" to participate directly (Merit/Voice).

Ch 9/12 Body Para 2: Women's Rights (Failed)

TS: Failed in Reform Movements regarding Women’s Rights; excluded from democracy. Evidence: Seneca Falls, Declaration of Sentiments, Cult of Domesticity. Analysis: While white men gained "Voice," women were relegated to separate spheres; the era suppressed women's rights.

Ch 9/12 Body Para 3: Abolition/Minorities (Failed)

TS: Failed regarding Abolitionism; built on suppression of Minority Factions. Evidence: Indian Removal Act (Trail of Tears), Rise of King Cotton, Gag Rule. Analysis: The "Capitalism" of the common man relied on destroying Native sovereignty and expanding slavery.

Ch 13 LEQ Prompt: Forces leading to the emergence of the Republican Party.

THESIS: Led by Economic force of Rapid Territorial Expansion (sectional tensions), Social force of Reforms vs. Myths (morality of slavery), and Political breakdown of Sectionalism vs. Nationalism (crumbling Second Party System).

Ch 13 Body Para 1: Economic Forces

TS: Economic force of Rapid Territorial Expansion reopened slavery debate. Evidence: Mexican-American War, Wilmot Proviso, Gold Rush. Analysis: Expansion forced a choice between "Free Soil" (Capitalism/Merit for whites) and slavery expansion, creating a slot for an anti-slavery party.

Ch 13 Body Para 2: Political Forces

TS: Political force of Sectionalism vs. Nationalism; Whigs dissolved. Evidence: Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, Caning of Charles Sumner. Analysis: "Slave Power Conspiracy" convinced Northerners the South was stifling their "Voice," necessitating a sectional Northern party.

Ch 13 Body Para 3: Social Forces

TS: Social force of Reforms (Abolitionism) vs. Myths (Paternalism) polarized the moral argument. Evidence: Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Fugitive Slave Act resistance, John Brown. Analysis: Moral outrage in the North made compromise (Laissez Faire) impossible, requiring an "Interventionist" party to halt slavery.