Itty bitty science test on acids and bases and environmental stuff.

Sceince

Organic Compounds

Molecules primarily made of carbon atoms, which can also contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.

Inorganic Compounds

Compounds that lack carbon-hydrogen bonds, such as minerals, metals, and water.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in larger amounts by organisms for growth and survival, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

Micronutrients

Nutrients needed in smaller quantities, such as vitamins and minerals, essential for various bodily functions.

Diffusion

The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Osmosis

A specific type of diffusion focused on water molecules passing through a semi-permeable membrane.

Biomagnification

The increasing concentration of toxic substances within the tissues of organisms at each successive level of the food chain.

Bioaccumulation

The gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, in an organism over time.

Toxicity

The degree to which a substance can harm organisms, often assessed through the concentration of that substance.

PPM (Parts Per Million)

A unit of measurement used to describe very dilute concentrations of substances.

LD50

The lethal dose of a substance that kills 50% of a test population, a common measure of acute toxicity.

Pesticide

Chemicals used to kill pests, including insects, weeds, and fungi.

Biodegradation

The breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, leading to natural recycling of nutrients.

Acid

A substance that donates protons (H+) in a solution, typically having a pH less than 7.

Base

A substance that accepts protons or donates hydroxide ions in a solution, typically having a pH greater than 7.

pH (pH scale)

A scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

Neutralization

The chemical reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water.

Eutrophication

The enrichment of water bodies with nutrients leading to excessive growth of algae.

Dissolved Oxygen

The amount of oxygen available in water, critical for the survival of aquatic organisms.

Acid Rain

Precipitation that contains acidic components, harmful to ecosystems and buildings.

Effluent

Wastewater or other liquid waste discharged into a natural water body.

Groundwater

Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers, a key source of drinking water.

Litmus Paper

A pH indicator paper that turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions.

Trans Fat

An unhealthy fat created through hydrogenation, which extends shelf life and alters food texture.

Saturated Fat

A type of fat where all carbon atoms are fully bonded to hydrogen atoms, typically solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated Fat

A type of fat with one or more double bonds in its fatty acid chains, typically liquid at room temperature.

Turbidity

A measure of how clear water is, affected by the presence of particles and organisms.

Dissolved Nitrates and Phosphates

Nutrients that can contribute to algal blooms in water systems when present in excessive amounts.

Remediation

The process of cleaning or restoring contaminated environmental systems.