Enzymes, the pH scale, acid base balance

A protein that accelerates chemical reactions

Enzyme

Energy needed to get a reaction started

Activation energy

The reactant that an enzyme acts on

Substrate

Area on the enzyme where the substrate binds

Active site

Something that accelerates chemical reaction

Catalyst

Which two monosaccharides are covalently bonded together to create lactose?

Glucose and galactose

Which enzyme break lactose down into its two monosaccharides?

Lactase

Describe lock and key model for enzyme substrate specificity

Enzymes only work with specific substrates. Enzyme as the Lock it has a special area called the active site that has a specific shape. Substrate as the key the substrate goes into the enzymes active site. The correct substrate can fit into the enzyme just like only the right key fits into a lock.

Lactose is a disaccharide composed of what two monosaccharides?

Glucose and galactose

The model for enzyme, substrate interactions, suggesting that the enzyme and substrate processes specific complementary shapes that fit exactly into one another is known as what model?

Lock and key

What can you say about enzyme substrate specificity?

Enzymes are highly specific

Substances that disassociate in solution and release hydrogen ions

Acidic

Accepts hydrogen ions from solution

Base

A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. Represents the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution using a scale from 0-14

pH

Substances that when dissolved in water break apart into ions and conduct electricity

Electrolytes

Common electrolytes

Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium

A substance that helps maintain a stable PH in a solution

Buffer

The optimum pH value of saliva

7.1 to 7.5

Optimum pH value of blood

7.4

What is the pH value of urine?

Six

What is the pH value of stomach acid?

1-2

How many times more acidic is a pH of three than a pH of five

100

What is the ideal pH value for blood?

7.4

An increase in hydrogen ions will cause the pH of a solution to increase or decrease

Decrease

If solution A Has a pH of 8 And is 1000 times more acidic than solution B What is the actual pH of solution B

11

A substance that disassociates in solution and releases hydrogen ions

Acid

What are the three major buffer systems?

Protein

Carbonic acid bicarbonate

Phosphate buffer system

Which ion will a buffer add or remove from a solution?

Hydrogen ions

What is the role of a buffer?

To stabilize pH of a solution

Substance that accepts hydrogen ions from solution is called what

Base