SOC 111: Chapter 9

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28 Terms

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absolute poverty

deprivation so severe that it puts day-to-day survival in jeopardy.

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caste system

a system in which people are born into a social standing that they will retain their entire lives

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class

a group who shares a common social status based on factors like wealth, income, education, and occupation

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class system

social standing based on social factors and individual accomplishments

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class traits

the typical behaviors, customs, and norms that define each class (also called class markers)

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closed system

a system of stratification that accommodates little change in social position.

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conspicuous consumption

the act of buying and using products to make a statement about one’s social standing

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Davis-Moore thesis

a thesis that argues some social stratification is a social necessity and is functional

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downward mobility

a lowering of one’s social class

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endogamous marriages

unions of people within the same social category

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exogamous unions

unions of spouses from different social categories

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global stratification

a comparison of the wealth, status, power, and economic stability of countries as a whole

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ideology

the cultural belief system that justifies a society’s system of stratification

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income

the money a person earns from work or investments

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intergenerational mobility

a difference in social class between different generations of a family

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intragenerational mobility

changes in a person's social mobility over the course of their lifetime.

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meritocracy

an ideal system in which personal effort—or merit—determines social standing

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open system

a system of stratification, based on achievement, that allows some movement and interaction between layers and classes.

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primogeniture

a law stating that all property passes to the firstborn son

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relative poverty

is not having the means to live the lifestyle of the average person in your country

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social mobility

the ability to change positions within a social stratification system

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social stratification

a socioeconomic system that divides society’s members into categories ranking from high to low, based on things like wealth, power, and prestige. Also called inequality.

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socioeconomic status (SES)

an individual’s level of wealth, power, and prestige

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standard of living

the level of wealth available to acquire material goods and comforts to maintain a particular socioeconomic lifestyle

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status consistency

the consistency, or lack thereof, of an individual’s rank across social categories like wealth, power, and prestige

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structural mobility

a societal change that enables a whole group of people to move up or down the class ladder

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upward mobility

an increase—or upward shift—in social class

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wealth

the value of money and assets a person has from, for example, inheritance or salary.