Cardiovascular System Test
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Last updated 1:30 PM on 4/11/23
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119 Terms
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What is included in the cardiovascular system
Heart and blood vessels
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Heart
hollow, muscular pump between lungs
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Heart function
propel blood through the body
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How much does an adult heart pump daily
4000 gal (7000 L)
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Pericardium
double layered sac that encloses the heart
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What does the pericardium consist of
Vesceral pericardium (epicardium) and Parietal pericardium
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Vesceral Pericardium (epicardium)
inner layer that covers the entire heart
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Parietal Pericardium
outer most layer; is a tough fibrous sac
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serous fluid
fluid found between layers to prevent friction
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Layers of the heart
Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium
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Epicardium
Outermost layer of the heart
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Myocardium
Thick middle layer that is responsible for the pumping of the heart
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Endocardium
smooth inner layer that is continuous with inner lining of blood vessels
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Why is the left side of the heart bigger than the right
The left side is responsible for pumping blood to the entire body
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Where does the right side send blood
to the lung and back to the left side
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The heart has __ chambers
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the left/right atrium are the ___ chambers
upper
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left/right atrium function
receives blood entering the heart
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the left/right ventricles are the ___ chambers
bottom
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left/right ventricle functions
pumps blood out of heart
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interventricular septum
wall that separates right and left sides of the heart
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interventricular septum function
keeps oxygen rich blood from mixing with oxygen poor blood
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valves
open and close to control one way blood flow
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tricuspid valve
separates right atrium from right ventricle
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mitral (bicuspid) valve
separates left atrium from left ventricle
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Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
mitral valve doesnt close properly and causes blood to flow back into the left atrium
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Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) symptoms
fatigue and chest pain
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Heartbeat
produced by the closure of valves when blood is pushed through the chambers of the heart
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Blood Vessels
Arteries, veins, and capillaries
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Arteries
carry oxygen rich blood away from heart
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What artery carries oxygen poor blood
Pulmonary Artery
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Arterioles
small arteries that connect to capillaries
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Aorta
Largest artery
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Veins
return oxygen poor blood to heart
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What prevents the back flow of blood in veins
valves
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What vein carries oxygen rich blood
Pulmonary vein
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Venules
Small veins that connect to capillaries
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Superior / Inferior Vena Cava
returns oxygen poor blood to right atrium
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Vena Cava
Largest Vein
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Capillaries
thinest blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules
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What is exchanged in capillaries
Gases, nutrients and Metabolic by products (CO2)
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Blood Pressure
Measurement of applied force to artery wall
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What determines blood pressure
Force behind blood, amount of blood pumped, and the size and flexibility of arteries
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What is the top number in a blood pressure reading called
Systolic Number
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What is the bottom number in a blood pressure reading called
diastolic number
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Heart actions
contract (systole) and relax (diastole)
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Normal Blood pressure
120/80
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Hypertension
High blood pressure that exceeds 140/90
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What is hypertension called
the silent killer
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Hypotension
Low blood pressure
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What are symptoms of low blood pressure
Light headed, dizziness, fainting
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Heart / Pulse Rate
Number of times your heart beats in a minute
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What is average resting heart rate
60 - 100
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Heart disease
any condition that impairs normal function of heart or blood vessels of heart
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Heart attack name
Myocardial infraction (MI)
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When does MI occur
when coronary arteries become blocked by spasm or a clot
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Coronary Arteries
supply blood to heart
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right coronary artery supplies blood to…
both sides of heart
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left coronary artery supplies blood to…
left side of heart
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Coronary artery disease
narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart
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Angina
chest pain caused by inadequate blood flow to heart
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Aneurysm
sac like protrusion of an artery caused by weakened area within a blood vessel
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Arrhythias
problems that affect the electrical system of the heart
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Bradycardia
Heart rate under 60
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Tachycardia
Rapid heart beat
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Congestive Heart Failure
Inability of left ventricle to pump adequate amounts of blood to the bodies organs
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Congenital Heart Defects
Heart problems that babies have at birth
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Common Congenital Heart Defects
VSD and ASD
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Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)
abnormal openings in interventricular Septum
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Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
group cells that generate electrical currents
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What do the electrical currents generated by SA Nodes do
Cause right atrium to contract
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SA Nodes are in the…
right atrium
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SA Nodes are call the…
Pacemaker
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SA Nodes set the…
Pulse rhythm
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Pacemaker
Battery operated electronic device which is inserted under the skin to help the heart beat regularly and at an appropriate rate
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Atroventricular Node (AV Node)
located between right atrium and right ventricle
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AV Nodes are the…
Secondary Pacemakers
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AV Node sets…
rhythm of heart contractions
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carotid arteries
deliver oxygen rich blood to the head and brain
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where carotid arteries located
neck
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Jugular Vein
drains blood from the head, brain, and face
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Where is the Jugular Vein located
neck
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Vasoconstriction
narrowing of a blood vessel
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Varicose veins
enlarged, twisted superficial veins resulting from poorly functioning valves
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Where do varicose veins occur usually
legs
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The outermost layer of the pericardium
Parietal
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Viceral is the…
Epicardium
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The lining of the heart
Endocardium
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Heart Muscle
Myocardium
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The Pacemaker of the heart
SA Node
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The point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed
AV Node
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Prevents backflow into the left atrium
bicuspid valve
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Prevents backflow into the right atrium
tricuspid valve
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The myocardium receives its blood supply directly from the carotid arteries.
False; coronary arteries
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A heart rate of less than 60 beats/min is called tachycardia.
False; Bardicardia
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Atria receives returning blood to the heart
True
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Congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the heart is depressed so that there is inadequate delivery of blood to body tissues.
True
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Tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced after a long time because myocardial cells replicate slowly.
False; They do not regenerate
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The left side of the heart pumps a larger volume of blood than the right since the left side feeds the entire body except the lungs.
False; Pressure is different
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Normal heart sounds are caused by…
Opening and closing of the valves
Note 
Flashcards (56)