Radio 1

Upper lobe cavitary pneumonia with spread to the opposite lower lobe

mycobacterium Tuberculosis TB

associated with travel

upper lobe pneumonia with bulging interlobar fissure

klebsiella pneumoniae

kleb always goes out of bounds

assoicated with alc and diabetics

oeihilar interstitial disease or perhilar airspace disease

pneumocysitis carinii associated with AIDS, HIV pt

air space disease with effusion

streptococci, staphylococci

How does interstitial space disease look on x ray

reticular opacities that is diffused throughout the lungs can be

viral

atypical bacteria

pneumocystis - fungal infection in immunocompromised pt (HIV.AID)

air bronchogram

silhouette sign

when two structure become the sameish density and hard to cell apart

helpful in determining the location of pneumonia

lingula

inferior most region of superior lobe of left lung

cavitary pneumonia

pathogen causing interstital and airspace disease and laucencies cause cavity (dark looking circles) assume it is TB until proven other wise

round pneumonia

children under ten will look like an oqaque circle (spherically shaped homogenous opacity) on x ray may resemble a mass

segmental pneumonia

pathogens spread to many foci, pathy multifocal or peribronchiolar opacities, frequently involving many opacities. Fully distinct margins. NO AIR BRONCHOGRAM

mainly staphylococcus and pseudomonas aeruginosa

lobar pneumonia

opacity/ consolidation of affected lobe, margins can vary they can be distinct or indistinct and air bronchogram may be present (which is constant with alveolar pneumonia that fluid filled the alveoli so the air gets trapped)

streptococcus pneumoniae

clearing resolution of pneumonia

should clear within 10 days pneumococcal pneumonia may clear within 10 days

how does airspace disease look

fluffy, cloudlike, hazy opacities

indistinct margins

may contains bronchograms and silhouette signs

infiltrate

nonspecific radiologic term for any abnormal opacity

pentration

make sure it is the right exposure to see the distinctive ribs

inspiration

count the roibs

rotation

if the patient was rotated look at the spinous process

magnification

AP will make the heart look bigger

angulation

the medial end of the clavicle if taken at an adle the clavicle will be upward

pattern for pneumonia

lobar

segmental

interstitial

round

cavitary

entire lung

CT used in

Hounsfeild

denser absorb more rays more opaque

window level, window width

window level: the central HU around the grayscale is centered, tissues at this HU appear mid gray

window width-changing the rang

CT with intravenous contrast

iodine solution to increase visualization of structures travels through the blood and exerted by the kidneys so contradiction includes compromised renal function so a creatine greater than 1.5 causing nephrotoxic- tubular necrosis and metformin should be hold for 48 hours

CT with oral contract

barium sulfate aviod in suspected bowel perforation or obstruction retained barium can harden to form a barolith which can worsen obstruction

MRI with contrast

gadolinium enhances the organ parenchyma and then excreted by the kidney shorten the T1 relaxation times of hydrogen nuclei cause brighter signal on T1 weighted images

gadolinium can pass the fetus

what does imaging for physiology

nuclear medicine

YOU ARE DOING GREAT

KEEP GOING