General Chemistry 1 - Week 4

Chemical equation

a shorthand method of writing a chemical reaction

Law of Conservation of Mass

states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions

Reactant

substances that enter into a chemical reaction. Placed on the left.

Product

new substance that formed in a chemical reaction. Placed on the right.

Aqueous solution

is a solution in which the solvent is water.

Hydrocarbons

are a class of compounds that primarily consist of hydrogen and carbon.

Synthesis Reactions

is a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound. A + X → AX

Decomposition Reaction

s a reaction in which a single compound undergoes a reaction that produces two or more simpler substances. AX → A + X

Single-Replacement Reaction (Substitution Reaction)

is characterized by one element being displaced from a compound by another element. A + BX → AX + B

Double-Replacement Reaction (Metathesis)

is a reaction in which the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds. AX + BY ---> AY + BX

Combustion Reaction

is a reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen and releases a large amount of energy in the form of heat and light. CxHy + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O

Precipitation Reactions

an anion and a cation contact each other and an insoluble ionic compound precipitates out of solution.

Acid-Base Reactions (Neutralization)

is when the reaction is between an acid and a base, water is formed as one of the products.

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

happens when there is an exchange of electrons between two reactants.