319 Unit 4 - Motor Neuron and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders

_____________ is a lower motor neuron disorder characterized by hypotonia and hyporeflexia, often resulting in respiratory failure

a. spinal muscular atrophy

b. parkinsons

c. alzheimers

d. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

a. spinal muscular atrophy

the (cerebellum/basal ganglia) coordinates motor movements, so associated disorders cause ataxia and tremors

cerebellum

the (cerebellum/basal ganglia) is the switchboard that tells the body what to do, so associated disorders involve movement, tone, and posture deficits

basal ganglia

______________ is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the progressive degeneration of basal ganglia destroying neuron pathways

a. Huntingtons

b. Duchenne muscular dystrophy

c. Myasthenia Gravis

d. Parkinsons

d. Parkinsons

what two neurotransmitters are imbalanced in individuals with parkinsons?

a. serotonin

b. GABA

c. dopamine

d. acetylcholine

c. dopamine

d. acetylcholine

what does the TRAP acronym for Parkinson's s/s stand for?

tremors, rigidity, akinesia, posture/balance

____________ is a effective treatment option for management of Parkinson's tremors but patients have to be awake for the procedure

deep brain stimulation

_______________ involves motor neuron death with an unknown etiology leading to progressive muscle weakness with intact intellectual and sensory function

a. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

b. multiple sclerosis

c. neuropathy

d. guillain-barre syndrome

a. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

muscle weakness in patients with ALS is (ascending/descending) in nature and rapidly progressing

ascending

true or false: ALS is reversible with treatment of the causative infectious agent

false - Guillain Barre is reversible, ALS is not

_______________ is an acquired autoimmune disease triggered when B and T lymphocytes destroy myelin coating of nerves and create plaques

a. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

b. multiple sclerosis

c. neuropathy

d. guillain-barre syndrome

b. multiple sclerosis

which nutrient deficiency is associated with multiple sclerosis?

a. iron

b. vitamin B

c. vitamin D

d. magnesium

c. vitamin D

____________ is the acute worsening of multiple sclerosis with return to baseline between exacerbations

a. relapsing remitting

b. primary progressive

c. secondary progressive

d. progressive relapsing

a. relapsing remitting

_____________ is the rapid and continuous decline of multiple sclerosis from onset with no periods improvement

a. relapsing remitting

b. primary progressive

c. secondary progressive

d. progressive relapsing

b. primary progressive

_____________ involves gradual deterioration of multiple sclerosis that may include slight improvement in between exacerbations, but never returning fully to baseline

a. relapsing remitting

b. primary progressive

c. secondary progressive

d. progressive relapsing

c. secondary progressive

____________ involves gradual deterioration of multiple sclerosis with periods of relapse but no improvement

a. relapsing remitting

b. primary progressive

c. secondary progressive

d. progressive relapsing

d. progressive relapsing

true or false: multiple sclerosis involves a symptom based diagnosis, there is no definitive test to identify the condition

true

an acute attack of multiple sclerosis will likely be treated with ____________

a. methotrexate

b. monoclonal antibodies

c. beta interferon

d. corticosteroids

d. corticosteroids

______________ are the first line of defense for long term control of multiple sclerosis

a. immunosuppressants (mitocantrone or dimethyl fumarate)

b. monoclonal antibodies

c. immunomodulators (methotrexate of teriflunomide)

d. corticosteroids (prednisone)

c. immunomodulators (methotrexate or teriflunomide)

_______________ is the primary disorder of the peripheral nerves characterized by weakness and sensory change with or without atrophy

a. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

b. multiple sclerosis

c. neuropathy

d. guillain-barre syndrome

c. neuropathy

What are two cells of the nervous system that aid in production of myelin?

1. oligodendrocytes (central)

2. Schwann cells (peripheral)

(carpal tunnel/diabetic neuropathy) is an example of mononeuropathy because only one nerve is affected

carpal tunnel

(carpal tunnel/diabetic neuropathy) is an example of polyneuropathy because multiple nerve groups can be affected

diabetic neuropathy

________________ is an acquired inflammatory disease often following GI or respiratory infection that causes demyelination of the peripheral nerves and ascending motor paralysis

a. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

b. multiple sclerosis

c. neuropathy

d. guillain-barre syndrome

d. guillian-barre syndrome

(ALS/guillain-barre) is progressive ascending muscle weakness with motor and sensory nerves affected, so patients cannot move or feel

guillian-barre

true or false: ALS is not an inflammatory condition, while guillain-barre is

true