Survey of Jazz midterm 1

"Temp" refers to the ________ of the music.

Speed

A version of the trumpet with a mellower timbre and deep mouthpiece is called a

Cornet

A harmony consisting of three or more different pitches is called a ...

triad

A typical rhythm section in a jazz ensemble comprises...

drums, piano, guitar and bass

The interval on a piano from any key to the next key, above or below, of the same letter name is called a

octave

In addition to playing the roots to the harmonies, the string bass also

provides an underlying rhythmic foundation

In jazz terminology, "changes" refers to

harmony

Playing pitches with a great deal of flexibility, sliding infinitesimal fractions of a step for expressive purposes, is know as

variable intonation, blue notes & bent notes

A scale that is somewhere between a major and minor is called a

Blues Scale

The grouping of pulses (beats) into patterns of two, three, or more per bar is known as

meter

The most common meter used in jazz is

duple

The rhythmic contrast resulting from the simultaneous use of contrasting rhythms is known as

polyrhythm

The sound quality or "tone color" of an instrument is called

a Timbre

Timbre variation can be produced by

changing the sound of the instrument

When jazz bassists pluck the strings with their fingers, that technique is called

pizzicato

When musicians invent music in that space and moment, they are

improvising

trumpet and trombone

Which are common brass instruments in jazz?

Which instrument was originally in the rhythm section but is rarely encountered in jazz today?

banjo

Which of the following is a set of two drums, mounted on a stand, that are played with sticks instead of hands?

Timbales

_______ is the simultaneous sounding of pitches

Harmony

The composed portion of a small-combo jazz performance is a

head

A big band consists of three sections:

brass, reeds and rhythms

A break is an interruption of ______ texture by _______ texture

homophonic; monophonic

A short improvised passage by a drummer is known as a

fill

A statement by one musician or group of musicians immediately answered by another musician or group is known as

call and response

The chords played in the last few bars of a chorus, leading on to the next is called a

turnaround

rhythmic cycle

In African music, improvisation happens within a repeated

In a jazz ensemble, the "ride pattern" is played by the

drummer

Pop songs were originally written as a verse followed by a refrain. Musicians typically ______ the verse, _____________ the refrain as a cycle

drop; repeating

The "chorus" of a composition in a pop songs form

thirty-two bars long, known as a refrain, and contains the central melody or tune

The contrasting B section in pop song form is known as

the bridge

The phrases of thirty-two-bar pop songs form are best represented as

AABA

Thirty-two-bar pop songs form is made up of

four eight-bar phrases

I, IV and V

Which chords or harmonies are used in twelve-bar blues?

drummer

Which instrumentalist might drop "bombs" during a performance?

Standards

Some songs become popular over the years among jazz musicians because of their improvisational possibilities. These are called ___________

Sections within the chorus are usually represented

like basic melodies, with letters such as A, B and C

_____________ can involve call and response, occurs when soloist exchange short improvised solos, and often occurs between the drummer and other soloists

Trading fours

African American folk poetry are the roots of what form of music

Blues

"March form" was widely used in the following genre:

ragtime

A polyrhythm, featuring a meter of three superimposed on a meter of two is called a

Secondary ragtime

Among the African American dances that shocked and invigorated the country in the early twentieth century was

the Charleston

At the turn of the century, the term _________ meant, a type of song, a piano style and a syncopated dance

ragtime

By 1900, the syncopations of ragtime music had shifted from the banjo to the ...

piano

Country blues musicians change the timbre and pitch of their guitars by using

bottlenecks

Field hollers and work songs

expressed the loneliness and hardship of American Americans

Gerturde "Ma" Rainey was

a vaudeville/classic blues artist

John Philip Sousa, as well as inventing the sousaphone, composed many marches, including

"The Stars and Stripes Forever"

James Reese Europe was

an accomplished black conductor and arranger active during WWI

Scott Joplin's most famous composition is

"Maple Leaf Rag"

The blues had ______-line stanzas

three

What type of show reinforced many degrading stereotypes of African Americans, featured performers in blackface makeup and was established as early as the 1840's

The minstrel show

The popularity of the trumpet (cornet), clarinet, and trombone in jazz was due mostly to the influence of

brass bands

Vaudeville blues - also known as classic or urban blues - were performed on

black theater circuits

It was a form of composition first published in 1897, its "ragged" polyrhythmic syncopation contributed to jazz, and it consisted of multiple distinct melodic strains were are true about what type of music

Ragtime

Who is the best-known composer of ragtime music?

Scott Joplin

W.C Handy

______________, known as the "Father of the Blues," was a cornet-playing bandleader who first heard the blues in a Mississippi train station

"Dead man Blues" was recorded in 1926 by

Jelly Roll Morton and His Red Hot Peppers

Exaggerated glissandos were features of

Tailgate trombone

An exaggerated slur from one note to the next is a

glissando

Before 1800, New Orleans was owned by

France and Spain

Several instruments impovising their parts simultaneously; dense, polyphonic texture; and defining characteristic of New Orleans jazz is

Collective improvisation

A racially mixed people of color were

Creoles

One of the first jazz musicians to travel widely was

Freddie Keppard

A Creole musician, a pianist and led the Red Hot Peppers was

Jelly Roll Morton

A musician that played the cornet, was Louis Armstrong's mentor and moved his band from New Orleans to Chicago was

Joe "King" Oliver

A musician that was Creole, led the Onward Brass Band, and studied classical music with a focus on the cornet was

Manuel Perez

The first great jazz saxophone soloist was

Sidney Bechet

An area known as "the district", contributed to the development of jazz and was a precinct of saloons, cabarets, and bordellos as

Storyville

The Great Migrations was a response to the manpower shortage created by

WWI

The Original Dixieland Jazz Band was a _______ ethnic band

white

The ____________ was the first jazz band to be recorded, in 1917

Original Dixieland Jazz Band

The instrumentation of New Orleans jazz derived from which two sources?

brass bands and strings ensembles

The trumpet (or cornet), trombone, and _________ constitute the front line of a New Orleans band

clarinet

When Louisiana and other southern states adopted the "Jim Crow" laws, the special privileges of the Creoles ended in the year

1894

Which musician, whose career ended with his nervous breakdown in 1906, is generally acknowledged as the first important musician in jazz?

Buddy Bolden

Will Marion Cook discovered what famous jazz saxophone soloist

Sidney Bechet

Although its specialty was the finest in Harlem jazz, the Cotton Club refused to admit

black patrons

Among the great stride virtuosos of the 1920s was ______________, a pianist whose composition "Carolina Shout" became a test-piece for the New York elite

James P. Johnson

Among the jazz soloist added to the Paul Whiteman Band in the mid-1920's was

Bix Beiderbecke

Louis Armstrong

Among the musicians hired by Fletcher Henderson in the 1920's was

Bing Crosby's vocal style was inspired by

Louis Armstrong

An arranger

Don Redman was

Duke Ellington's compositions number

over a thousand

George Gershwin composed and performed

Rhapsody in Blue

How many notes does a pentatonic scale have?

five

Jazz nightlife was affected by the passage of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, which

prohibited the sale and manufacture of alcohol

Jazz was transformed by the following technological advancements, new in the 1920's

radio, electrical recording, and movies

Bing Crosby

Paul Whiteman hired ___________ to be the full-time featured vocalist with his orchestra

Rhapsody in Blue's premiere, in 1924, featured

the Paul Whiteman Orchestra

A left-hand technique, alternating bass notes and chords defines what style

Stride style

The bandleader and composed Duke Ellington was also

a songwriter, an arranger and a stride-piano player

The center of the songwriting industry in New York was known colloquially as

Tin Pan Alley

This San Francisco bandleader was not famous, but he established the saxophone section as part of a jazz ensamble

Art Hickman

This bandleader, widely known as the "King of Jazz," was an early pop superstar who championed "symphonic jazz"

Paul Whiteman

Any musician employed by a bandleader is called a

sideman

A white cornet player from Iowa was

Bix Beiderbecke

Coleman Hawkins was an influential solist on the

tenor sax

During the 1920's, Louis Armstrong recorded with

Sidney Bechet, Bessie Smith, and Early Hines

In 1928, Armstrong recorded with this pianist from Pittsburgh, whose single-line improvisations matched his ability to create new melodic lines

Earl Hines